. After flipping through the thick list, Shen saw some tricks. It turned out that it used the encyclopedia to compile and usurpate the title. In addition to the title, there are also outlines, which are divided into more than 30 categories, including philosophy, literature, poetry, architecture, machinery, shipbuilding, aesthetics, physics, law, art, pharmacy, mathematics, astronomy, rhetoric, grammar..., etc., and there are many varieties.

But it is not difficult to choose, because the purpose of Shenji is to make a splash, so he cannot choose practical subjects such as architecture, physics, and machinery. Otherwise, he will inevitably be amazed by the scholars and officials and regarded it as a skill, and it will be difficult to enter the elegant hall.

Then the aesthetics of poetry and art are not vulgar, but 80% cannot be appreciated by modern people. Therefore, philosophy becomes the only choice. Because philosophy is abstract from appearance, it does not distinguish between East and West. It studies the origin of the world and the truth, and the origin exists simply and truth is universally applicable. Therefore, the wisdom activities of all wise people will eventually be sublimated into the pursuit of philosophy.

Not to mention the Western Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle... Just talking about the Chinese civilization in almost the same period, there were hundreds of schools of thought contending, Lao Tzu, Confucius, Zhuangzi, Mozi, Huazi, Han Feizi, Guiguzi, etc., their theories are rich and colorful, and they are different, but their core ideas are all understanding of the origin of the world, serious analysis of themselves, exploration of the meaning of life and moral practice, and the most brilliant Eastern philosophy.

Although he strongly advocated the introduction of Taixi's philosophy, Chen did not think from the bottom of his heart that Eastern philosophy was worse than that of the West; a book of "Tao Te Ching" with only 5,000 words formed a complete set of Taoist philosophy... This Taoist is a philosophical Taoist, not a religious Taoist... Chen has been studying for ten years, but he still enjoys endless benefits. Whether he cultivates oneself and establishes one's destiny, governs the country and is in peace, he has gained a lot. He personally believes that in the complete philosophical system, this is the theory closest to the origin of the world, and there is no one in the world who is right.

Almost all Thai-Si philosophical thoughts and conflicts can also find the same discourse and contradictions from the writings of the hundreds of pre-Qin schools:

For example, the most important thing is to explore the essence, connection and objective laws of things. The idealist school represented by Socrates and Plato follows the stream of consciousness and holds the "agnosticism" to deny the objective existence of things; however, Western Aristotle embarked on a materialist route, emphasizing that things can be recognized.

Many powerful people in the pre-Qin period also conducted in-depth research on the source of knowledge, possibility, and human cognitive ability, and also clearly showed the opposition between idealism and materialism. For example, Confucius said, "Those who are born to know are the best; those who are learned to know are the second... ▼ He believed that sages like Lao Tzu were all "born to know, and they did not need to learn the things in the world to understand everything; but at the same time, he believed that he was not that powerful and needed to learn to know, so he also had to learn to think more about external things, so he should not think, and those who are not thinking will be confused, and those who are thinking without learning will be in danger." It can be said that he is the most contradictory idealism.

Mencius went further and believed that people should ‘seek themselves in themselves’, that is, to explore their own inner world to expand their original conscience and ability, so as to achieve the level of sages that “know without worrying, and be able without learning, and be able to be able without learning, and is the most pious idealistic mind.

Lao Tzu, who was praised by Confucius, advocated the use of "silent observation and mysterious viewing, to experience the invisible and nameless Tao, so as to achieve the same mysterious state as the way of heaven, and then "know the world without leaving the house; know the way of heaven without looking at the window", which is the most mysterious idealistic mind.

As for the Zhuang Zhou, who couldn't tell whether he was a monkey or a Zhuang Zhou, he fell directly into skepticism, agnosticism, completely denying objectivity, and was the most thorough idealistic...

In sharp contrast with Confucius, Mencius, Laozi and Zhuangzi, it was Mo Zi. He believed that the understanding of objective things is the basis and basis for people to know. It attaches importance to both the sensory experience of the five senses and the discerning thinking of the heart, and initially links sensory knowledge with rational knowledge.

Further, Xun Zi, who criticized and inherited and developed the epistemological imagination of the pre-Qin philosophers and established a great simple materialist epistemological system. He said: "Heaven has constant actions, and does not exist for Yao, nor does it perish for Jie. If it is responded to it, it will be auspicious, and if it is chaos, it will be inauspicious. If it is strengthened and used for conservative purposes, then the heaven cannot be poor; if it is prepared and moved, then the heaven cannot be sick; if it is following the way but not 2, then the heaven cannot be in trouble." It completely denied the statement that heaven has will, and clearly separated the objective laws of nature from the governance, chaos, rise and fall of human society.

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Moreover, based on the separation of heaven and man, he boldly proposed the brilliant idea of ​​"controlling the destiny of heaven and using it", believing that instead of regarding the way of heaven as great and admiring it, it is better to raise it as a thing to control it and control it! Instead of following nature and praising nature, why not master and control the laws of change of nature to use it? If he looks up to heaven and wait for its gifts, how can he not adapt to the times and make the heaven and the time serve himself, strengthen himself, and overcome nature?

On the basis of completely denying the destiny of heaven, he also denied the theory of destiny of nothingness. He said, 'The good or bad life is not destined by innate nature, but by what path people choose after birth. Instead of believing in destiny, it is better to choose the correct way of thinking."

And Xunzi also had outstanding recognition of the 'thought method' as a method of cognition. First, he said: 'Anyone knows is the nature of human beings; it can be known, and it is the principle of things." It clearly put forward that human beings have the ability to know things; things can be recognized" The basic premise of materialist epistemology.

Then, he said that the common problem in people's cognition is that it is limited by a one-sided part of things and does not understand the comprehensive truth. Only when people fully understand things can they make their cognition conform to the right way. When emphasizing the laws of things, they must have correct methods and ways to understand them. He emphasized that it should start with a comprehensive perceptual understanding of things, and then rational thinking can verify and abstract various feelings; if perceptual knowledge is wrong and one-sided, how can they recognize the correct law? Therefore, human knowledge is not born, but the result of acquired learning accumulation, which also refutes the transcendentalism of birth knowledge, which is epistemological materialism.

It is precisely because of this epistemology that he can use the basic requirements of human material life as a study of society, oppose Confucius and Mencius talking about benevolence, righteousness and morality, and ignore the fundamental needs of human beings. This is the embodiment of materialism in social life.

Why did the philosophy of the East and the West coincide so much, and even the differences were so similar two thousand years ago? Because the essential laws of things will not change anything because they are in the East or the West. Therefore, when civilization reaches a certain level, human thoughts will inevitably follow the will of heaven and get spiritual satisfaction; on the other hand, they focus on themselves and face everything with the mentality of a strong person.

These two are originally yin and yang, and heaven and earth, but in fact they cannot distinguish between high and low. In terms of Shen, twenty years ago, he was unswervingly materialistic, and ten years ago, he was convinced that he was undoubtedly idealistic. But now he is no longer either this or that. He believes that when dealing with all aspects of society and nature, he sometimes needs to be materialistic, sometimes needs to be idealistic... Respect the way of heaven, but cannot be blindly afraid, strive for self-improvement, but cannot ignore the consequences. This is his own epistemology...

Under the guidance of this epistemology, Shen repeatedly pondered and abstracted the past history. Looking back on the source, he has now seen that since the Western Han Dynasty, the progress of Chinese civilization has slowed down, especially the development of science, which has been stagnant for thousands of years. This must have been that when there were major problems, they clearly pointed to Dong Zhongshu's abolishing all schools of thought and respecting Confucianism.

The so-called "destroying all schools of thought and respecting Confucianism alone" is an academic exclusivity and political imprisonment, and it is also a philosophical murder. It murdered Mo Xun in the name of Confucius and Mencius. Since then, the mainstream of Chinese people is completely idealism, and there may be a shout of materialism, which cannot arouse any waves.

No matter who is superior to who is inferior to who is inferior, looking at the long river of history, choosing the high-end wisdom of idealistic human beings will close its curiosity about the world and all things, and will no longer struggle to pursue the truth of things, dilute the pursuit of material life, and instead pursue the ultimate principles of heaven. Generations of Confucius and Mencius all believe in the existence of heaven, so that they can understand its way.

They believe that exploring the way of heaven must follow the process of ▲The mind is full of mind, knowledge, and knowledge of heaven. The process of exploring the scriptures is nothing. Haoqingsuan, devotes himself to studying the words and deeds of sages, explores the inner world, and expands the inherent conscience and good abilities of their hearts. After so many years of accumulation, Haoqingsuan, perhaps one day, he will be able to understand the way of heaven, and then he can understand all the mysteries in this world, see through all disguises, and understand all knowledge, and all things in the world can be mastered!

This is the 'Tao', which is the law of all the world 9!j The sum is the most fundamental law. As long as you can understand the Tao, you can understand everything in the world. Those who do it are sages, so they are called the way of sages.

We must never deny this method, because someone really did it. The earliest one was Yao, Shun, Yu and Tang; the most awesome one was Lao Tzu. He was born to know that he was the Tao, and Tao was him, and there was no need to search hard; Confucius, Mencius, and other scholars also did it, of course it would take many... If these examples were too far away, then there was a Wang Yangming a few decades ago, and he seemed to have done it.

If you extend it, break out of the ruling of Confucianism and Taoism and look at all the idealistic schools, you will see that the Sixth Patriarch Huineng and Deshan Linji of Buddhism have already realized and enlightened... Buddhism has its own method, and it emphasizes sudden enlightenment.

But no matter which one of the Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism is, the one who can attain enlightenment is really the most young and the most young, and it cannot be used by the general public at all. It can even be said that except for the very few geniuses among the geniuses, the general public cannot use idealistic ideas to truly understand, understand, and even master the world. Sadly, since the Han Dynasty, there have been only the philosophies of these three schools on the land of China, which has determined that for nearly two thousand years, the Chinese people's understanding, understanding and mastery of this world has been difficult to survive.

If we do not advance, we will retreat. Although the West was too far away from us at the beginning, we waited for others for 1,500 years, and even those who belonged to the turtle caught up with them. Because they did not dismiss several of the only ones, Aristotle's mantle was later and promoted to form a systematic discipline. In the end, even the Holy See was regarded as a golden rule and no one could question it... Although this itself violated the spirit of Aristotle, as long as he studied it Saying that existence will give birth to generations of warriors who pursue objective truth and eventually return to the right path. Sin is the only one who believes in this.~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ / j[: c\{&1t;]\}! 1:;? 7.

To figure out these metaphysical things is to solve metaphysical problems. According to the epistemology of the sun, the operation of this world has its huge inertia and cannot be changed in a short period of time. However, with the help of the right time, place and people, grasp the key points and work hard. Over time, you will see the effect.

In Shen's opinion, now is that moment... As Wang Yangming became a saint with his own path, the Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, which forced Zhu Yuanzhang to erect, showed a collapse. In fact, in the Southern Song Dynasty, the mainstream denounced Neo-Confucianism as a pseudo-school, but later Zhu Yuanzhang forced it to be orthodox and took the imperial examination. The designated textbooks established its authoritative position... This also proves from the side that most of history was created by a few elites. We, the grass-roots people, acted as background when we were lucky and used as tools when we were unfortunate, and that's all.

However, Wang Yangming became a saint and the prosperity of the mind study had a serious impact on Neo-Confucianism; and Neo-Confucianism, based on the laws of nature, eliminated human desires, and studied things, no longer met the requirements of this extremely rich and material enjoyment society, and had reached a staggering point; and the rise of Neo-Confucianism was the purest idealism, its most valuable aspect was the anti-authority movement and acted at will, bringing a fresh and free air to the Chinese nation that Zhu Yuanzhang suffocated!

What's more, the most radical Taizhou school in Wang Xuezhong, a group of monsters represented by He Xinyin and Li Zhi were even more crazy. What Confucius' true sages are all false Taoism; what sages are all farts; what three pillars and five constants are all thought out by people who have been ridiculed. In short, defeat all authority and despise all principles. The fastest update

In fact, feudal ethics has gradually relaxed. Ten years ago, it was still unimaginable that women divorced and remarried, but now, it seems that nothing big is the case. Chen even more personally experienced that brothels and brothels were springing like bamboo shoots after a rain, blooming everywhere; various erotic novels are extremely popular, and many excellent authors and loyal readers have emerged... Chen Geng is one of the latter.

This is the best era, this is the worst era. In the old Taoists, the Ming Dynasty was about to collapse and music was hopeless, so they could only shake their heads and sigh while peeking at the meat cushion. In the eyes of the enjoyers, this is a grand event to be held, and what needs to be done is to have a carnival; in Shen’s opinion, this is a golden opportunity given by history. We must seize all the time and weld the foundation of science into the Ming Dynasty. I believe that with the increasingly relaxed social environment, people will have more and more diverse choices, including flowers of hope and soil for blooming.

Why did we choose to translate Western learning? In addition to being more systematic and perfect in Western learning, people are also curious about foreign theories and are not so resistant... In fact, Xunzi's simple materialistic thoughts and Mozi's simple logical thoughts are enough, but if these two edicts are really issued, they will inevitably cause unnecessary sect views, and then evolve into a dispute of intentions, and in the end they are only quarrels left.

The stones from other mountains can be used to polish jade. Not only because the stones in other mountains are hard, but also because the stones in one mountains can break jade.

Although it is not difficult, it took a lot of effort to find the one you need from such a thick catalog. It was finally easy to find the name on page 250. His finger nodded on it: "It's this one!"

"l 6 gtcom    "Yes, Aristotle's "Logics"!" Shenjiu was firmly in the railway: "It can supplement the flaws of our Eastern philosophy, and its own gimmick is also good. "What's the good?" everyone asked curiously.

"A little modification can be made to package it as a tool for investigating things and exploring the law: "If I say that this book talks about the basic principle of "Shao" - the knowledge of things, would you say it would cause a sensation?"

"Of course, I have been living things for a lifetime, and I haven't nodded yet. Of course I hope there is a guiding light." Chen He has attended various literati gatherings all year round, and knew that everyone's excitement was Shao-Li: "However, logic, this name is not very similar to a book in Neo-Yuan." "Then change it." Chen thought about it, "What about Neo-Yuan Detective?" "My Li-Yuan Detective?" Several people said while relying on him.

"Yes!" Chen nodded and said, "I have thought of propaganda lyrics for ten generations who want to obtain the way of sages, but they are extravagant and talk about nothingness and are amazing. This is to make knowledge not necessary to investigate things, and they want to realize the purpose of sudden enlightenment, but they are absurd and absurd. Isn't it far from the way to go to the truth? There are several volumes of Western Zhayali's name and theory, which can make people understand this truth, and use it to understand it, and infer it as a ladder. The purpose of reading it is similar to the mystery, but the principles of taste are all true. What is the original nature of studying things and exploring the truth!" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chapter completed!