Chapter 58 The Constitution of the Empire
After two imperial cases were passed in a day, the Imperial Daily gave it to Pang Dadao. Although according to the constitution, journalists were not allowed to participate in the discussions of Congress, the Empire did not have a perfect news law at this time, and the participants in Congress did not receive training such as "no advice". Just a few questions from the reporters, all the situation in the venue will be clear.
Of course, as far as the issue itself is concerned, the effect achieved after disclosure is made is better, which is more conducive to the deep discussion. Lin Guangyu was not prepared to hold the relevant "leakage" accountable, otherwise, as the final judge of the Empire Daily, he had every right to take down the relevant reports.
However, if the release is released, the emperor's instructions were very clear. He instructed the School of Political Science to immediately draft a news law and further refine and deepen the original newspaper management charter. In the future, if any media or parties dare to disclose state secrets casually, the newspaper will be closed to the museum, and the personnel will be held accountable.
European powers paid great attention to the little things that emerged in the process of the imperial political improvement. Ambassadors and ministers from all over the country wrote reports to the government and foreign ministers to report the new situation in Chinese politics. Well-known media such as the Times and Yulin Xibao reported the whole process, and their enthusiasm was no less than that of Chinese local media.
After the Qing Dynasty was changed to the "Chinese Empire", because it did not involve adjustments to interest relations, the countries expressed their congratulations according to customs, except Japan. The Japanese ambassador protested to Foreign Minister Liang Dun-hide: "What your country calls the Chinese Empire and calls your country the center of the world. Do you consider the surrounding friendly countries with barbarians?"
For Japan, the meaning of the word "China" is not just a simple noun, but it has a profound orthodox plot behind it. China was originally the "Celestial Kingdom" and it is impossible to call itself "China". However, since the Opium War, China's national power has declined day by day and has long lost its prestige and status. Since the Meiji Restoration, especially through Japan and Tsinghua, Japan and Russia's victory in the two wars, Japan and Russia, it has become a world power. Its mentality seems to be "center". It is a cold to the empire's claim to be China - this is also the internal reason why Japan calls China with the obviously derogatory term "China" since the Meiji Restoration.
Faced with the Japanese's nonsense, Liang Dunyan seemed neither humble nor arrogant: "China is called China since ancient times. The word "China", as the name suggests, is among the Chinese countries, among the Chinese countries, and the margins of China have been barbarians since ancient times. Japan has always claimed not to belong to the Chinese country. Why bother with barbarians? If your country is competing with barbarians, should you first admit that your country is first part of the Chinese country?"
Yijiyuan's teeth were chewing, but he could not refute it, so he could only say: "Your country suddenly changed its national name and did not negotiate with friendly countries, which is too incredible."
"For 5,000 years, I have discussed the land first when I change the dynasty?" Liang Dunyan suppressed his anger. "America was originally a British colony. Later, it was independent. I wonder if it was discussed with your country in advance?"
"The Japanese and Chinese countries have similar cultures, their lips and teeth depend on each other, and their relationships are special. The relationship with other countries is naturally incomparable."
"Then, North Korea has similar cultures and territories, and its relationship with other countries has been unique since ancient times. It cannot be regarded as a light relationship with other countries. The merger of Japan and South Korea has not been reported to the despise country in advance..." Liang Dunyan retorted and satirized Japan's annexation of North Korea.
This was destined to negotiate without result, and Yijiyuan had to return in disappointment.
With the first lively and experience, the discussion on the other imperial cases in the following days entered an increasingly intense process.
The third imperial case is the length of office of government officials. Liang Qichao pointed out that since ancient times, unless Chinese officials are unable to perform their duties or return home, their term of office will be for life. However, this is obviously contrary to family rules. According to the emperor's will, a constitutional country should implement a retirement system and establish corresponding retirement years according to the different ranks of officials.
"A person with the first rank of the first rank of retirement will be 70 years old; a person with the first rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the third rank of the third rank of the third rank of the second rank of the third rank of the second rank of the third rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the second rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank of the first rank
Although the regulations on this system are beyond the attention of all the officials
, but as the emperor expected - even if any minister is full of heart, he is unwilling to leave the negative effects of the emperor's old love. What's more, the formulation of this retirement age is basically in line with the appointment of imperial officials. In the past, some important officials have indeed fought in the workplace after 70, but whether it is energy or ability, they have declined greatly, and it is useless, so why bother to make trouble for themselves?
For members of the Supervisory House, the age limit for office is only for government officials, but the term of office of the MPs can last for life, which provides them with a sense of superiority. Although some people have proposed to defend it, the mainstream opinions, especially the inherent crux of the elderly in controlling the government affairs at the party, have long been planted, and the proposal to vote is naturally strongly agreed.
The pension system is complementary to the retirement system. Yang Du said loudly: "Officials who retire when they are old and retired have nothing else except for the emperor's gift of gifts. Even if they have difficulty living, they have to rely on savings. Although some officials are corruption, there are certainly moral inconsistencies, but considering their affairs for their descendants is also an important reason. The emperor has always been sympathetic to his subordinates. Since he has imitated Western countries to establish retirement systems, the pension system will also be implemented."
According to the proposal, the salary of officials is divided into two parts: rank and post salary, which is the salary corresponding to the official's rank. Once the rank is determined, it will not be easy for life unless it changes. After retirement, the ministers of the local area still retain the rank, and the salary is closely related to the position, and the salary is different due to different positions. During the period of office, the two salary is paid together to constitute the official salary. After the official retires, the rank of salary will still be paid according to the highest level before his retirement to maintain it.
Of course, once it is involved in the issuance of pension annuities, there is a problem of how to raise funds. The emperor also proposed a targeted solution: "Since the three years of the reform, existing officials will all withdraw pensions at one tenth of their official salary for retiring. Whenever an official retires, they will be investigated. If there is no dereliction of duty, violation of law, or corruption, the pension annuities will be distributed. First, the part of the withdrawal of the pension will be withdrawn from the part of the withdrawal of the pension will be distributed. After the withdrawal is completed, the official department will withdraw from the state finances until the official dies. If the official unfortunately dies early and the part of the withdrawal of the pension has not been raised, the remaining part will be distributed to the family members in one lump sum as a pension.
The annuity part of the individual withdrawal is calculated, and the annual interest is calculated at 5 years' interest. The Ministry of Finance and the official department of the same position shall be filed and settled, and shall be checked at the end of each year. The annuity system shall be implemented from July of the third year of the Reform Commission. If officials who have never paid the individual withdrawal before retirement, they shall be deemed to be paid in full and will be distributed uniformly by the court.
In addition, Yang Du also emphasized that the emperor believed that the current salary of officials was too low, and the income of various non-salaries was too large and too complicated, and he felt at a loss. In the future, the reform of the official salary system will greatly increase the income of officials and reduce the remaining income besides the salary. "It is necessary to keep corrupt officials out of nowhere to hide so that the honest officials will not worry about their livelihood."
The emperor clearly pointed out that during his tenure, the members of the Counsel have served the empire and the country must also pay annual salary for use.
The emperor's grace was so great that the proposal of the imperial case won warm applause from the audience, and almost no one expressed opposition. The final voting result also showed this, and 186 votes were approved unanimously.
Of course, the face of the Finance Minister Zai Ze was ashen, which means that the Ministry of Finance wanted to balance the budget and control the fiscal deficit was increased. He did not dare to take the blame and confront all officials and congressmen. Only he could experience the taste.
There was no danger along the way. After nearly 5 discussions, the first eight imperial cases won the 6th, one, and one, the "Draft Constitution of the Chinese Empire".
This draft was revised in the "Outline of the Imperial Constitution" passed several years ago. After more than two storms, it can be said that it has been revised several times. After repeated consideration, the Political College and the Minister of Law have repeatedly discussed and studied the text and details of the Constitution, and finally came up with such a draft now and submitted it to the Parliament.
If the eight imperial cases announced earlier by Yang, Liang and others have made limited adjustments to the state system at the formal level or part level, then the content of the draft constitution is to entrust the overall strategic plan for the imperial reform cause and the overall planning of constitutional reform. If an imperial constitution cannot be formed that unites unified will, has a complete structure and has clear regulations, then no matter how much the emperor has made in other aspects, it is incomplete and comprehensive as a whole in terms of constitutional reform.
Chapter completed!