Chapter 82 Walking on Thin Ice
After the edict clearly stipulated the conditions for "qualified electors", the provinces began a intensive investigation and voter registration.
Taking Jiangsu as an example, according to the qualification conditions originally issued by the Constitutional Editing Museum, only 60,000 people with election qualifications were only 60,000. Once relaxed, the group broke through 15. Although it was still less than 0 in total population, it has increased significantly. Referring to the contemporary Western constitutional countries, women did not have the right to vote as usual, and the other voters also had restrictions on education, property, occupation, and background. Even in a mature constitutional country like the United Kingdom, after experiencing the struggle between the working class for universal suffrage, its voter population still did not exceed 15% of the total population and less than 10% of Germany. The national literacy rate of these two countries was 20 to 36 times that of China. Japan vigorously promoted national education in the afternoon of the Sino-Japanese War, and the literacy rate of Japan was only slightly stronger than that of China, but it was not. After the year, its literacy rate reached a leapfrog advantage of nearly 10 times, and the voter proportion was announced 20 years ago.
It can be seen that although China's starting point is low, its steps are not slow.
Taking the qualification conditions of the elected person as an example, according to the original provisions of the Constitutional Editing Museum, the elected person must meet the remaining five items in addition to meeting the qualification of "qualified electors". That is:
1. Age must be over 30; - young and lack of experience and extreme thinking.
2All officials and staff are not allowed to be elected;——The congressmen exist as supervisors. If an official can also be a congressman, can he supervise himself? From this we can see the weakness of the NPC representatives.
3. The reserve army shall not be electors for the standing army and the renewal period during the recruitment period; - military personnel interfere in politics. The way to cause disaster.
4 Monks, Taoists and other religious people are not allowed to be elected; — What if there is a cult leader who will smear the foolish people?
5 Primary school teachers do not enjoy the right to be elected. - If you are a member of parliament, you will not be able to teach with peace of mind.
However, after consideration, Lin Guangyu believed that primary school teachers "aware of the world, familiar with the localities, and serve education. They should not hinder their enthusiasm for participating in politics and making decisions."
After several months of arrangement and trouble, a total of 2,643 members were elected nationwide, and some other parties also selected 58 alternate members. Although fraud and bribery are inevitable, it is not easy to organize in a straightforward manner as new things. Moreover, when all countries implement constitutionalism, defects such as fraud and bribery are inevitable, and it is also the norm for the development of things.
Since ancient times, reform has not been easy, and it is especially difficult in a big country like China. From the Xia and Shang dynasties, historical records have long concluded that changing dynasties is easy, and reforming the past is difficult. There are very few examples of successful reforms, and after success, the host has almost no one in the past three thousand years.
During the Warring States Period, Shang Yang's reforms were strong, but Yang was broken by the chariot; Wang Anshi of the Northern Song Dynasty reforms. Before the Song Dynasty, Jing Gong's reputation was lost for half a lifetime; Zhang Juzheng of the Ming Dynasty reforms, but the decline in Ming Dynasty was slightly curbed. However, Zhang Wenzhong's reputation was broken and his people died.
Whenever Lin Guangyu thinks of this festival, he feels a sense of silent depression and fear. As a familiar history expert, he not only knows the historical significance of this law, but also is familiar with the century-old trend of China in modern times. Time travelers have many advantages, but at the same time they have also lost the courage of "ignorant people are fearless". On the edge of the cliff where "not reforming and waiting for death, seeking death indiscriminate reform", they must be careful every step forward, otherwise they will be a deep abyss that will be broken into pieces.
The evolution of the times, the development of society, and the brewing of revolutionary storms, especially the coercion of Western powers has made China not only lack the calmness and calmness of "crossing the river by feeling the stones", but instead dissolves China's room for maneuver bit by bit - there is no time to waste, no sufficient opportunities to squander, and no large amount of tuition fees to be paid.
The third opportunity is destined to be an opportunity to be trembling and walking on thin ice.
Although Guangxu's body was 40, Lin Guangyu was less than 50 before traveling through time. Life, life experience and social experience were both shallow, and suddenly becoming a king was a world of difference. After one year of administration, he was calm on the surface, but in fact, undercurrents were turbulent and his heart was ups and downs, and almost every day was a test. Practice does not only produce true knowledge, but also urges people to move forward and mature. In just one year, Lin Guangyu's knowledge and mentality were tempered more than twenty years - politics is not learned, but done.
Kang, Xu, Liang, Yang, Cen and others only know the emperor's grandeur and outstanding intentions, and only admire the emperor's confidence and command, but they are not as good as Wang Shang, who can see Lin in person.
When I went to the study, I burst into tears - at first, I had to live my life as my goal, but I couldn't help but make it difficult. Now, with the goal of saving the country, I had to make far-reaching and devote all my efforts.
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The problem is, it is easy to live one person, and it is easy to save a country from suffering!
It is hard to understand things without personal experience. Many things can only be experienced in their own position. When reviewing memorials, Lin Guangyu can always remember the allusion of Zhuge Liang's death and being in the same place.
If you take a shallow stand, you can naturally ridicule Zhuge Liang for not knowing how to focus on the big and letting go of the small, not knowing how to use people well, not knowing how to make overall arrangements, not knowing how to plan reasonably, and comparing Sima Yi's open-mindedness, it is said that all this is caused by one's own fault. But how can people think about it? With Zhuge Liang's wisdom, can he really not understand the secrets? It is because he is in a situation where he cannot lose, and under the premise that he cannot make mistakes in every step, he naturally has to work hard.
The same is true for governing the country. If China has the strength of the United States, the emperor Lin Guangyu can naturally be extremely careless. Even if the decision is wrong, relying on the good mechanism and strong strength it can always be reversed.
But China has been poor and weak for a long time! Constitutional reform, as a way for China to get rid of shackles and strive for strength, actually has no room for experimentation, nor is it open-minded to come again after failure. Because the people and elites have high expectations for constitutionalism, and their desire to transform the national system and improve administration is very urgent. They do not have 100 more insights out of thin air. They only know what the British experience is and what Japan experience is, but they do not know that these two countries are different from China in terms of conditions, foundation and environment. In particular, China's huge scale and relative lack of new talents has created difficulties in self-change.
This is a deeply rooted deficit of a nation. If you want to make up for it with your vision and excellence, the price is far from human beings. Moreover, what is even more painful is that sometimes the superiors know what method is the most suitable, but they missed it because of the strength of the opposition. The old things in the year of Xuxu are so regrettable.
Therefore, Lin Guangyu needs to take a look at the promulgation of each major policy, and even put forward unified requirements for the buildings of the conference halls of various provincial bureaus: "The new proposal hall should be similar to the model of the House of Commons, and should be in the round style, mainly in the conference halls, so that they can see each other and hear each other. All speaker seats, speech stands, shorthand seats and auditors on the upper floors must be prepared, and the transformation should also be handled in this way." On the surface, it seems that it is a plan for the building, but in fact it is to cultivate an environment for equal discussion and participation in politics and political affairs. Without relying on such a place, the constitutional atmosphere will be difficult to achieve.
From spring to summer, Lin Guangyu has been considering Xu Shichang, Liang Qichao and Yang Du repeatedly on the "Imperial Decree Charter", and even reached the point of every word. Many major events and major cases broke out during the same period were seen as high and rushing, but he attached the most importance to the matter of the deliberation.
The plan to discuss the matter in form is created, and the act of the constitutional organs is essentially created. This difficulty and ease not only tests the authenticity of the constitutional constitution of the court, but also determines the advance and retreat of the direction of improvement. The original plan to discuss the matter that Cixi and others wanted was a fake constitution, and it was a way to decorate the discussion bureau into a representative organ of public opinion, which was essentially the action of the governor and governor to control the body. In order to cover up the behavior of people's efforts, they laid many foreshadowings in the "Constitution". In order to break these foreshadowings, Lin Guangyu made drastic revisions.
For example, the purpose of the Bureau of Discipline Inspection is to "follow the order to be a place for provinces to recruit public opinion, point out the pros and cons of each province, question the pros and cons of each province, and prepare for local public security." The so-called "refer to the pros and cons" refers to having the power to discuss the government, the so-called "preparation for local public security" refers to discussing the province's budget and final accounts, tax laws and other official matters, but it also clearly stipulates that "the Bureau of Discipline Inspection agrees that it can be submitted to the governor before it can be implemented. Whether it is adopted or not depends on the governors" - the members of the parliament worked hard for a long time, and the governors would be completely eliminated if the governors did not accept it. The revised "Constitution" clearly stipulates: "If the Council of Discipline Inspection and the governors' opinions are inconsistent, the Council of Disciples will consult the entire case to the Council for decision. If the Council of Disciples cannot make a resolution, Chen asked the Holy Tribunal to plead for judgment."
Chapter completed!