"What's wrong with people in the Song Dynasty?" Zhou Zhi was very happy to hear: "They like to give nicknames to painters. Fan Kuan's original name was Fan Zhongzheng. Because of his carefree temperament, he was given the nickname 'Fan Kuan'. Later, he even called him "Fan Kuan".

Not many people know about the rectification of the name."

"So this seal should have been stamped by Liu Songnian's disciples or admirers after getting his painting. Judging from the seal pad, it dates from not far after the painting was created, and was also in the Southern Song Dynasty."

"So I just used Atractylodes honey mud to repair it, and the repair was really good. For such a small painting, even the smallest flaws will be greatly exaggerated, so you really need to put in enough effort in detail. Thank you, Fourth Aunt."

"Why are you thanking me? Being able to repair the masterpieces of my predecessors is a blessing that many people cannot ask for. If you think you can see it, you can read the previous "Poetry of Chobiyi", "Sitting on the Dragon" and "Shushan Picture".

We brought back the "Into the Mountain Picture" and we filled in the seal part."

"But most of those paintings have the seals of later generations? There is also "The Bamboo Entering the Mountain", which is directly a work by Kun Can in the early Qing Dynasty."

"You silly boy." The fourth cousin couldn't help but laugh: "Did you get the Ru kiln ink pad box into your eyes and completely lose sight of other things around it?"

Zhou Zhi looked at the desk and discovered that there were several ink ingots and three ink pad boxes placed on both sides of the Ru kiln ink pad box just now.

Mo Zhouzhi didn't study it, but the ink pad boxes were all made of porcelain. Zhou Zhi recognized them at a glance. The first one was the Wanli blue and white of the Ming Dynasty, with the pattern of Gaoshi playing chess. The second one was the Kangxi cowpea red glaze. The red and green kiln colors blended into each other, which was quite distinctive.

Natural beauty; the third is the Qianlong blue and white dragon pattern, a standard official kiln utensil, quite satisfactory.

"They are all porcelain boxes, I like them." Zhou Zhi picked them up one by one and admired them: "I was talking about going out to buy some blue and white period vessels this time, and these two blue and white pieces are just right."

"The small pieces of Wanli blue and white official kiln wares have fine and dense bodies and white mud, but overall they are inferior to the previous Yongxuan blue and white in terms of craftsmanship and texture."

"In the early stage of blue and white, Huiqing was mostly used, and in the later period, Zhejiang material was mostly used. The glaze of this ink pad box is fine and thick, with a strong luster. Bright green glaze is applied on the glaze. The glass texture is excellent. The blue and white hair color is thick and gorgeous, with purple in the blue. It is the early Wanli blue and white porcelain.

Standard features of the device.”

The fourth cousin smiled and pushed Qianlong Qinghua over: "Tell me about it."

"The Qianlong blue and white official kiln ware must first have a base. The early base was a six-character square seal script. The blue and white were made of high-quality Zhejiang materials. The shape of the vessel was regular and the glaze was as white as paper." After Zhou Zhi finished speaking, he placed this ink pad box with the previous Wanli blue and white.

Put together: "You can hardly see the bluish or red color cast, but if you look closely, you will see an extra layer of orange peel. This is actually glaze shrinkage, but it creates the special beauty of some ancient Chinese porcelain."

"The blue and white of the Zhejiang material has a bright color, but it also has a smudge-like effect of the Yuan blue and white. This shows that the performance of the Zhejiang material was not stable at that time, and it is suspected of imitating the effect of the Su material."

"The early Qianlong blue and white imitated Yongzheng and Kangxi, but the texture was not as hard and dense as the Kangxi blue and white, nor as uniform and delicate as the Yongzheng blue and white. All the skills were done on the surface, but the pattern drawing skills can be traced back to Yongxuan. Of course, because of the materials used

relationship, but the hair color is not as good as."

"Generally speaking, the characteristics of the Qianlong blue and white are thick, fine workmanship, and inferior materials. In the early stage of the blue and white, the brushwork is elegant, with smudges, and purple; in the middle period, the color is stable and purple-free. When the work begins to be completed, double hooks similar to calligraphy are added.

The outline and coloring techniques; in the later period, the shape of the vessel became rigid, the painting became rough, and the blue and white became darker. It is still easy to distinguish."

"There is another characteristic that everyone knows," Zhou Zhi turned over the ink pad box: "On the bottom of the Qianlong official kiln, the year must be broken. This was originally a rigid requirement of the imperial style, but later it became one of the identifying characteristics. .”

"This is a rare opportunity to go to the capital. There are a lot of good things there," the fourth cousin nodded: "Just remember one thing, ninety-nine of them are genuine, but if there is any doubt, they will be treated as fakes."

"No matter how much others exaggerate about things beyond your own vision, you won't be tempted."

"It's better to miss than to make a mistake. With your current eyesight, you won't be able to suffer a loss in the porcelain department."

"Yes." Zhou Zhi accepted the teachings from his fourth cousin: "But I am just getting started with calligraphy and painting..."

"Your starting point for getting started is really too high." The fourth cousin said with a smile: "Open all the boxes. Today I will tell you about the secrets of ink pads."

Zhou Zhi opened the four ink mud boxes one by one from the Song, Ming, Kangxi and Qianlong periods.

"The legend of the ink box began in the Tang Dynasty. It is recorded in "Ge Zhi Jing Yuan". In the Tang Dynasty, Chen Mao was a minister. For each letter, he pounded the vermilion, poured the musk wine, used the box to suppress the rhinoceros, nourished it with the fragrance of the clouds, and printed the book. Thousand miles of incense is constantly blooming. This is almost the earliest record of cinnabar ink pad."

"However, they are only a minority. Until the Song Dynasty, ink was mostly used for seals, and in the Yuan Dynasty, ink was mostly used. It was not until the end of the Yuan Dynasty that it became widely used."

"The original ink pad was mixed with Atractylodes juice and cinnabar, because the cinnabar would fall off after the water dries. In the Southern Song Dynasty, dehydrated honey was used to make the ink pad more viscous. In the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, ink pads that were truly mixed with oil began to appear. .”

“In the end, we found that castor oil that has been exposed to the sun for more than six years, is fully dehydrated, and has stable macromolecules is the best.”

"But the oil easily spreads on the paper, and the cinnabar also spread with it, so people began to think of ways to add fibers to the ink pad to achieve the effect of not running off the mud."

"I experimented with cotton, willow and many other fibers, and finally found moxa velvet and lotus root silk to be the best."

"The very fine fibers obtained by boiling, filtering, drying and beating moxa leaves are made from moxa rong and moxa leaves. You can only get three or four yuan for a pound of moxa leaves."

"And lotus root silk is the filament pulled out by breaking the lotus root stalk. Ten thousand kilograms of lotus root stems can only get 2 to 25 yuan of lotus root silk, which is only enough to make ten boxes of ink pads."

"Therefore, the Qing Dynasty's "Huishi Suoyan" records: 'If you want to combine the printing colors, first make oil, then make moxa, and then make sand. The three are ready before the color is achieved'."

"As for what you said just now, they happen to be all porcelain boxes. That is also a layman's statement. Gao Lian of the Ming Dynasty made it clear in "Yan Xianqing Appreciation Notes": porcelain is the best in printing pools, but jade cannot win. So today Guan Ge kiln is very expensive."

Zhou Zhi was satisfied: "That means they can't even touch the printing pool of your kiln... It's only ten thousand kilograms of lotus root stems and ten boxes of ink pad... This cost is too scary."

"The reason why porcelain is the best is because pottery and jade will 'eat oil', the rhinoceros teeth of food vessels will be stained, and enamelware will be corroded by cinnabar, and the gold and silverware will become even more vulgar." The fourth cousin continued. : "But you have to think that 10,000 kilograms of lotus root stems and ten boxes of ink pads are the ultimate, but the wild boar has never eaten fine chaff."

"What my fourth cousin said..." Zhou Zhi thought about Guoli, who had just started to turn around: "I'm afraid no one will eat such fine chaff in a hundred years, right?"

"That's the case..." The fourth cousin opened the ink pad boxes one by one: "This is the honey-made cinnabar from the Song Dynasty, this is the oil-mixed cinnabar from the early Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, this is the Kangxi Changzhou Longquan lotus root silk ink pad, this is from the Qianlong Jingyu Hall Eight Treasures Ink Clay."


Chapter completed!