In the ninth year of the revelation, the trade between the Ming Dynasty and the Portuguese in Malacca reached a new height, and the trade volume between the two sides rose to more than 20 million taels of silver.&1t;/p>

The trade between the Portuguese and the Ming Dynasty was mainly to pay silver directly. However, the Portuguese also had a lot of goods needed by the Ming Dynasty at this time.&1t;/p>

For example, various horses in Europe, which are taller in Europe. The Ming Dynasty is importing in large quantities and then cultivating new breeds to continuously improve military and service horses.&1t;/p>

At the same time, the Portuguese also sold white slaves to the Ming Dynasty. Most of these white slaves were contract slaves from Europe. Usually, they were either guys who could not afford to pay back the money or criminals.&1t;/p>

These white slaves were transported to the east and then stopped digging in mines.&1t;/p>

However, after all, Europeans really had no other products that could be sold well to the Ming Dynasty at this time. The heavy industry that Europeans had advantages had no advantages at this time. Instead, the heavy industry products of the Ming Dynasty were constantly dumped into Europe. What are pendulum clocks and glasses? The Ming Dynasty can also produce them now, and the quality is better than those of Europeans.&1t;/p>

Even the British who started the industrial revolution in history, facing the Qing Dynasty, China could not produce much goods in terms of trade to reverse the trade deficit, and then could only take the method of exporting opium to solve this problem. Not to mention that Europeans' productivity is much lower than that of the Ming Dynasty, and China under the Ming Dynasty was not China during the Qing Dynasty.&1t;/p>

Precious metals flow into the Ming Dynasty, and basically only enter but not exit. As for opium, the Ming Dynasty no longer imports at all. A Furong is among the ranks of medicines in the Ming Dynasty. Not many people have sucked opium these days. Now the Ming Dynasty has begun to grow poppy by itself, but it is only a small amount, and it is strictly controlled by state-owned capital. It is prohibited to buy and sell A Furong freely. The transaction must be reported.&1t;/p>

At the same time, the Ming Dynasty did not export opium to other countries. The Ming Dynasty could make money by exporting goods. Why did it make that kind of black-hearted money?&1t;/p>

Among the goods exported by the Portuguese to the Ming Dynasty, some of them were luxury goods from all over the world. In terms of external colonial style, Portugal was like a traveler. The duck was like a robber, while the British were like a black-hearted businessman. The luxury goods provided by the Portuguese accounted for a relatively small amount of trade.&1t;/p>

Although precious metals cannot be eaten, this thing is the hard currency in the world. If Europeans do not have these precious metals, they will suffer severe deflation and industrial exhibitions will be severely restricted.&1t;/p>

After all, European countries have no unified banknotes these days. Trade between countries depends entirely on these hard currency. If any European country wants to buy industrial products from other countries, other countries must be able to buy real money! If there is no real money, the market will naturally shrink seriously.&1t;/p>

The export of Ming Dynasty goods to Europe was to constantly suppress European industries. Moreover, precious metals were limited, and money was always spent all.&1t;/p>

If all the precious metals plundered by the Europeans during the foreign colonization process came to the Ming Dynasty, then no matter how crazy they plundered backward countries and nations, they would be in vain.&1t;/p>

After the Ming Dynasty obtained a large number of precious metals, they could use these precious metals to buy what they wanted to buy in any country in the world.&1t;/p>

However, from the moment, these Europeans seem to have nothing that Ming Dynasty needs.&1t;/p>

Judging from the current trend, the trade volume between the Portuguese and the Ming Dynasty has not been maintained for many years. The Ming Dynasty has now opened up the American trade routes, and the precious metals obtained by Europeans' main channels for plundering precious metals will be directly flowed into the hands of the Ming Dynasty.&1t;/p>

To expand trade with Europe, Ming ships must go to Europe in person, so that they can obtain European raw materials and further dump goods.&1t;/p>

The merchant fleet in the Ming Dynasty in the ninth year of the Apocalypse had expanded its trade scope to the Middle East and the west coast of Africa.&1t;/p>

India, Persia, Ottoman Turkish Empire and blacks on the west coast of Africa chose to establish trade relations with the Ming Dynasty.&1t;/p>

The Ming Dynasty's goods were very popular in these countries, and at this time the Ming Dynasty's goods dumping had not yet expanded to these regions.&1t;/p>

The low-cost cotton cloth has not yet poured into these countries directly. The rulers of these countries are more welcome to the various luxury goods of the Ming Dynasty, while ordinary commodities that threaten their stability have not arrived on a large scale. Therefore, the attitude towards the Ming Dynasty is still welcome.&1t;/p>

Under such circumstances, the profits of the state-owned trade fleet continue to rise, and through these trade actions, a large amount of luxury goods and raw materials have been obtained.&1t;/p>

Rhinoceros horns, ivory, gems, gold, silver, spices, as well as cotton, leather, ore, grain, slaves and other commodities are constantly flowing into the Ming Dynasty.&1t;/p>

Many ordinary-valued goods will be shipped back, because these traders mainly buy these goods with precious metals and luxury goods. The ships cannot come back empty! At least there must be something in the box, so some very ordinary raw materials are shipped back. Baidu Saosuo     -Rebirth as an emperor in the late Ming Dynasty&1t;/p>

State-owned trading banks have begun to be stationed in these countries, purchasing goods from these countries all year round and selling local goods, so that the trade volume continues to expand.&1t;/p>

Although private merchant ships are jealous, they cannot intervene in the trade of these countries. Most of them can no longer be called merchant ships, they can only be called cargo ships.&1t;/p>

From North Korea to all parts of Southeast Asia, and even to Australia and New Zealand, the pricing power of commodities is in the hands of state-owned capital consortiums. Although trade from the local area to these places can still make some price difference, there is no longer a huge profit. If you transport some bulk commodities, you can only earn some freight. Those huge profitable commodities have been heavily controlled by state-owned capital banks, or they are charged high commodity import taxes, and the huge profits will disappear directly.&1t;/p>

On the other hand, the threshold for sailing has also been lowered. In the past, only those maritime merchants mastered the technology and ships to go to sea. Nowadays, maritime technology has been widely popular. As long as you have money, you can buy ships to go to sea. Therefore, there have been many small and medium-sized merchants who transport goods at sea.&1t;/p>

And the era of big capital maritime businessmen has ended, and it has completely ended. The ocean-going trade era controlled by state-owned capital has monopolized the overall situation, and it is a situation where dealers take all.&1t;/p>

First, the imperial court divided the areas of activities of civilian merchant ships, and the seas and destinations that pass through this area are not allowed to sail. If civilian merchant ships want to go to those places, they may first be caught by naval cruisers, and secondly, they are prone to pirates, and they cannot get protection from warships. Thirdly, specialty products from trade destinations that prohibit private capital from going to cannot pass through customs.&1t;/p>

In addition, there are factors such as unfamiliar with trade routes and unfamiliar with trade targets. At the same time, there are state-owned capital merchant ships and commercial banks entering and leaving the trade locations. If they encounter them, they will be intercepted by the ** ship. Under various constraints, private merchant ships cannot engage in ocean trade outside the specified area.&1t;/p>
Chapter completed!