Chapter 1015 The King of England

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Charles I's brother died at the age of 18, and he became Prince of Wales.

He made friends with his father's favorite George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, and also went to Madrid with Duke of Buckingham in a mini-dress to seek a Spanish wife to consolidate Britain's power in Europe.

He was indeed fascinated by the Spanish princess, but at that time Britain had converted to the Anglican Church and supported the Protestantism in the Thirty Years' War on the continent should be the enemy.

So the Spanish princess disliked him as a pagan and refused to approach him.

After ascending the throne in 1625, he married Henrietta Maria, the sister of King Louis XIII of France.

Henrietta Maria is also a Catholic. Although she is not as pious as the Spanish princess, her religious belief will still be a big problem in the future.

At first he was disappointed with the French lady, especially for bringing the priests and women from the French mainland.

In the first few years, Charles was on a double-front battle between France and Spain, and because the parliament did not trust the Duke of Buckingham, he refused to grant him war funds.

For this reason, he had to take extreme measures: selling his wife's dowry; forcibly borrowing money from wealthy subjects and imprisoning five jazz who refused to borrow; allowing soldiers to live in a house to eat and drink for free; imposing tariffs without the approval of the parliament, etc.

Both parliaments in 1625 and 1626 expressed distrust of the King and Buckingham.

When Charles convened the third parliament in 1628, it was after the defeat with Spain.

The leader of the lower house of parliament criticized the government severely and disagreed with the royal family's financial measures; complained that going to war with Spain for the sake of French Protestantism was a mishandling and opposed the king's attitude towards the British church.

Because although the king was educated by the Calvinists, he did not like the liturgy that the Puritans believed in.

Accuse the king of promoting the so-called high church sects who believe in free will but not trust in seeking salvation from fate.

Accuse the king of appointing pastors who would rather keep Catholic rituals and customs during the service than long preaching and improvised prayers.

However, the House of Commons did not give up. After obtaining the consent of the House of Commons, they planned to file a petition for rights, condemn the forced borrowing, soldiers living in private houses, imprisoning subjects for no reason, and other measures that aroused dissatisfaction.

Charlie was forced to accept the petition, but he did not intend to change anything.

When the House members continued to condemn the king's favored pastor and intended to report Buckingham.

Charlie finally couldn't bear it anymore and announced the recess. Of course, Charlie didn't get the grant he wanted.

In 1628, a fanatic assassinated the Duke of Buckingham.

When the Parliament unanimously passed bills condemning the "new inventions" in religion and illegal tariff collection, the Speaker of the House of Lower House was pressed on the seat, and Charlie announced the recession again.

Charlie did not convene parliament for the next 11 years, and Charlie ended the war to save money.

In 1633, Charlie appointed Higher Christian William Lauder as Archbishop of Canterbury.

And with his assistance, he began to impose a book of prayer in London to the Church of Scotland in order to unify the religious activities of the two kingdoms.

The residents of the Lowlands of Scotland were irritated and they swore to support the national pledge that embodies loyalty to the Scottish Presbyterian Church and publicly rejected the new book of prayer.

Charlie was furious and sent troops to Scotland to fulfill his wishes. However, Charlie was defeated in this first bishop war.

In order to get money to fight the Second Bishop War, Charlie had to convene parliament again.

But the MPs asked to discuss the suppressed complaints before discussing the appropriation. But Charlie disbanded the parliament again after a few weeks, and this is the "short-term parliament",

Charlie sent troops to attack Scotland for the second time, but this time it failed completely. He vowed to occupy England's territory in Northumboland and Durham, and the king was forced to pay compensation.

In 1640, the king convened the parliament again, this time it was called the "Long-term Parliament". At this time, the king took office at the mercy of the parliament.

In the summer of 1641, the king visited Scotland, and he intended to make concessions to his subjects there to unite them and gain their support for the king, but he returned empty-handed.

When he returned to London, he found that nearly half of the members of the House of Representatives turned to support him.

The "big protest letter" that led to complaining about the government was only passed with a weak majority in November.

At the instigation of the queen, the king planned to arrest the five MPs in charge. When he broke into the lower house in 1642, he found that the man had run away.

In this way, the king left London, and the royal party and parliamentary factions began to prepare for a civil war.

The two sides had been negotiating for the next seven months, but the king refused to surrender on the previous two issues and was only willing to reach a compromise.

The parliament also demanded that the right to appoint government officials and supervise the upbringing of the prince's children.

The hope for such a peaceful resolution was gone. On August 22, 1642, Charlie sacrificed the flag in Nottingham and started the first civil war.

Charles I overcome all difficulties and set up an army among his loyal subjects to fight the parliament.

Charlie was the commander-in-chief of this army. Charlie proved himself to be an excellent tactician on the battlefield and won several battles.

But he is a poor strategist and always has no choice.

When he was in full swing in 1643, he refused to march into London; his army did not completely obey his orders.

When the war is approaching the end of the war, it is impossible to decide whether to continue fighting in England or to join the supporters in Scotland.

Finally, when the Nezby battle was defeated, he fled the headquarters and went to Scotland to send troops with the battalion that vowed to send troops.

The Vows formed an alliance with the English Parliamentary Army, and when Charlie refused to promise to establish a presbyterian church in England, the Vows handed him over to the English Parliament.

In 1647, Charles I fell into the hands of the winning round skull party led by Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell.

Fairfax and Cromwell were eager to speak and speak with the king on the basis of a written constitution.

They drafted a "proposal outline" which some Charlie's advisers also believed was a way to regain authority after the defeat.

But Charlie did not think about how to reach an agreement, but instead sowed the enemy. Charlie fled from Hampton Palace to the Isle of Wight, where he negotiated with the parliamentary faction and bargained with Scottish subjects.

At this time, there were real peace factions among the parliamentary factions, and a considerable number of Scottish subjects were unwilling to imprison their kings, and were preparing to raise an army to redeem the king in exchange for religious concessions.

Charlie accepted the royal service, and the Scottish royal service entered England in 1648. In the same year, many royal parties restricted and extorted by the Puritans were re-armed.

But Cromwell defeated the Scottish Kings Army, and Fairfax defeated the Kings Party.

The queen fled to France for assistance and was neglected by the ruling French Prime Minister Cardinal Mazaran.

As the king was found to have launched a war against the people, the military leaders decided that the king must be tried.

The House of Lower was then also purged the peace faction that had settled peace with Charlie on the Isle of Wight.

A high court was established and the king was taken to Westminster Hall for trial.

Since Charles I did not recognize the legitimacy of this court from the very beginning, he did not seriously defend his actions.

59 of the 135 members of the special court signed the order to kill the king issued by Cromwell.

The charge was to betray his country and his people.

In January 1649, Charlie I smiled and walked towards the guillotine calmly. In order to maintain his kingly dignity, he said calmly:

"Death is not terrible to me, thank God, I am ready."

He first recited a poem he wrote, then calmly called himself a martyr of the people, walked to the guillotine himself, ending his 49-year-old life.

Interestingly, he also asked to wear two shirts so that he wouldn't be shivering from the cold, making people think he was afraid. The body was secretly buried in Windsor Castle a week later.

This is the history of King Charles I of England. Now the historical process has been changed by the Emperor of Ming Dynasty.

Two years ago, the Ming Dynasty sent troops to help him defeat the rebel army, allowing him to live a few more years, and his way of death will definitely change.
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