The old man and the young man sat down, and Su You began to draw and explain the principles to Lao Zhao.

"The law of twelve equals is an artificial law, which means it is not a natural law. It is different from the pure law and the law of intergeneration of fifths. Its existence is to get as close to the law of intergeneration of fifths as possible, while at the same time completing perfect modulation."

Old Zhao was confused again: "What is Chunlu?"

Su You said: "Why we need to study this issue, we have to start with the production of Wanshou palace lanterns for officials last year. Because the Wanshou palace lanterns are large in size, more music information can be recorded on the copper ring."

"In this case, in order to express our greatest love and respect, Jiang Qing decided to let the palace lantern play three different tunes at the same time, and let them match well to form overtones to produce a more wonderful musical experience. We will

It’s called a chord.”

This was a hole Su You dug for himself. He originally thought it would be an easy thing, but when Baniang and others were composing the music, they discovered that using the old music theory, it was necessary to determine the exact chord, sharpening four to five, which is

An impossible job.

“During the production process, we found that in addition to the law of fifths, there is another temperament that is more suitable for chords. We can use silk strings with a string length ratio of two to three and a string length ratio of four to five to determine the middle.

Each pitch."

"The sound of this temperament is monotonous, but there is an advantage. The chords fit very well. Because of its purity, Ba Niang named it Chun temperament. By the way, she also said that there is a song "Jieshi Tune Orchid" in the guqin, which uses

This legal system has actually existed since ancient times.”

Old Zhao nodded silently and gestured with his hands on the table: "This song was passed down by Qiu Ming, a qin master in the Liang Dynasty. According to Cai Yong's "Qin Cao", Confucius traveled around the country but was not appreciated. On his way back from Wei to Jin, he saw Fanglan in the valley.

, grew up among weeds, and composed it without encountering a talent, named "Yilan". Qiu Gongyun, this song from Qi Cuo down, has the sound of an immortal..."

"Hmm... Wu Ming is the Ten Case Yi Yu. Jian Ju Yi Yu. The big finger is Jiu Yi Pan Yi Yu. Ji Quan Fu Yu Yu. Yang Fan Eleven. Wu Ming Businessman. Cover Pan Jiu. Pick Yu. Ha...

Above all, it is true! Your eighth mother is an expert!"

Su You said: "I don't understand this, but pure rhythm still can't solve the problem of modulation. Later, we discovered that pitch is actually related to time."

"The ancients connected the Twelve Laws with the Twelve Month Orders. In fact, after our research, we found that it has a greater relationship with the Twelve Hours!"

"We dotted the reed with ink, bounced it, drove the wheel with a constant stream of water, pulled the paper tape quickly, and got a lot of small dots that recorded the vibration of the reed."

"These small dots prove that the faster a material of the same density vibrates, the higher the sound it will emit, otherwise the sound will be lower."

"So I subdivided the unit time into twelve hours a day, one hour one hundred and twenty minutes, one minute sixty seconds, and then gave a definition of the number of vibrations per second."

The studious Zhao Pian raised his hand: "Mingrun, why do you define it like this?"

Su You said: "Because the definition of time is derived from the period of degrees, minutes and seconds, the week and day are 360 ​​degrees, so it is convenient to calculate with sixty to one, and the unit time seconds obtained in this way can be used for calculations, so the number will not be too huge and

Tiny, it is a convenient and practical unit of time.”

Zhao Pian nodded, indicating that he understood.

Su You continued to explain: "In order to facilitate manufacturing, we selected a reed with a vibration frequency of 256 times per second as the standard tone."

Classmate Zhao Pian raised his hand again: "Where did the number two hundred and fifty-six come from?"

Su You said: "Well...because it is an integer multiple of two, the law of twelve equals is the twelfth root of two, so we use two hundred and fifty-six just for the convenience of calculation."

Classmate Zhao Pian nodded again. This is the old way of thinking in science and engineering. It is flexible and as long as it can solve the problem, it is a good method.

Su You said: "Of course this sound is not the standard yellow bell. In fact, the Song Dynasty has not yet set a standard yellow bell, right? But with this reference sound, we can use the twelve equal temperament to calculate the adjacent sounds, and

Arrange these notes and select the note closest to the yellow bell on the piano as the base note."

"In this way we get a base twelve-tone scale, and then based on this, we get the other two parts."

"We just said that the twelve equal temperament is a relative temperament, so even if the yellow bell we get is not a real standard yellow bell, with a reference tone as a yellow bell and the twelve equal temperament system, we can

Produce scales and parts of each key, and create harmonious multi-part music, which solves the musical problem on palace lanterns."

"This is the design idea of ​​the music part of Liuli Palace Lantern. Twelve equal temperaments solve the problems of tuning and modulation. Oh, I am so exhausted."

Ignoring Su You's ugly appearance, Zhao Pian was deeply immersed in the wonderful music theory. He looked at the information written by Su You with one hand and hit the copper stick with the other. He didn't even notice that the servant came up to change the tea.

Su You carefully asked in a low voice: "Ming Gong, then... shall I take away the white turtle?"

Zhao Pian didn't even look at Su You, he held up the copper stick and waved his hand.

Su You grabbed the servant who was changing the tea and said: "Ming Gong agreed, you will have to bear witness for me later!"

The servant looked at Zhao Pian and then at Su You, with a confused look on his face.

…

Su You was afraid that Zhao Pian would regret it, so he took Bai Gui directly to the academy. When school was over, he immediately rode a donkey to Yu Ju Temple.

He ran into Shi Wei's residence carrying a wooden basin: "Weier Wei'er, I won the white turtle for you!"

Shi Wei was applying acupuncture on the bronze figure. The gold needle accurately penetrated the bronze figure's acupuncture points. When it was taken out, a little thin mercury came out from the tip of the needle.

Yuan Degong was very satisfied: "Weier's acupuncture is progressing very quickly, but pharmacology and medicine need to be strengthened. Your brother Xiaoyou is here. That's it for today. Let's go and play."

Shi Wei wiped the gold needle clean, put it away, bowed to Yuan Degong, and then ran out of the room: "Brother Xiaoyou, show me the white turtle!"

Su You said proudly: "From today on, this will belong to our family. Wei'er, please give it a name."

Shi Wei thought for a while and said: "We have a wooden guest, this one is called Yunu, okay?"

What could be wrong with Su You: "Well, not bad, Wei'er can really think of names."

After saying that, he picked up the white turtle and looked at its tail: "I just don't know if it's a boy or a girl..."

Zhang Xiangzhong entered the small courtyard with a large bouquet of sweet-scented osmanthus: "Hey, Mingrun is here?"

Su You smiled and said: "Brother Xian, why do you have dark circles in your eyes again?"

Zhang Xiangzhong said with a smile: "There have been a lot of things recently. There is a comet out of Ziweiyuan, and the seven stars are in the calendar. It is white in color and has more than ten feet of light. We have to observe it with a telescope every day, and then someone predicted that there will be a solar eclipse in Gengxu next year. It needs to be re-examined. Is it still possible?

There are too many things to do when studying chemistry..."

"Is there another solar eclipse?" Su You bowed and said, "I'm really grateful that I still remember to send flowers to Wei'er when I'm so busy."

Zhang Xiangzhong said: "How are you doing over there? With Master Zhang gone, Mr. Zhao has shaken up the officialdom of Yizhou."

Su You smiled and said: "I am just a book boy. I help him organize information about Shu every day... Oops, I get angry when I talk about this. Silkworm bushes, cypress bushes, and fishtails are not recognized by the enlightened ones. I have to be mediocre and start with Shu.

,pedantic nerd!”

Zhang Xiangzhong laughed loudly: "Then you wrote an article called "Shangshu Qiwen" to embarrass him, right?"

Su You said "Hey": "How do you know?"

Zhang Xiangzhong looked at Su You: "Zhao Gong and Yi Changhou have a pure and elegant appearance. They respect the school and teach Confucianism. They are elegant and generous people. After being put in such danger by you, they still don't forget to help you make your name in Chengdu. You,

You should respect him as much as possible."

Su You said: "I respect you very much. I cook three meals a day with my own hands. What else do you want?"

Zhang Xiangzhong smiled and said: "It will be of great benefit to you to form this good relationship. Although Duke Zhao does not avoid the powerful in his impeachment, he is also very kind to many ministers."

"Lu Qin, Cai Xiang, Wu Kui, and Han Jiang all returned to the central government because of him; Ouyang Xiu and Jia An also stayed in the capital because of his advice."

Seeing Su You's confused face, Zhang Xiangzhong explained: "Lu Qin, the number one scholar; Wu Kui, the imperial examination; Han Jiang, Tan Hua; Ouyang Xiu, Wenzong; Jia An, the number one scholar; Cai Xiang, who almost got the first place in the exam.

Ten, but they are also famous calligraphers. These people can be said to be from a generation of cultural heritage. If you just praise them, you will benefit a lot."
Chapter completed!