Chapter 1,372 The First Lesson

Xingzhou Confucius Temple was first built by Ye Li Renrong, but it was smaller in scale. As for the Academy opposite, there was no such thing at all.

Half of Xingzhou was burned down, and Zhao Xu agreed to demolish the "illegal buildings" in Xixia and use them as materials for various academic palaces, so Li Shunju was welcome.

Because Xingzhou is where the Imperial Palace of the Western Xia Dynasty is located, it has the best resources. The Academy and the Confucian Temple were built by Li Shun to be beautiful and grand in scale, rivaling that of Meishan.

Such as Lingxing Gate, Jimen, Kuixing Pavilion, Zunjing Pavilion, Minglun Hall, Yanju Pavilion, Panchi, Dacheng Hall, and many more.

In addition, Li Shunju also built a facility not found in other local Confucian temples - Yuansheng Temple.

The ancestral hall enshrines the sages of Hexi Confucianism to commemorate their achievements in spreading Chinese civilization in areas far away from the Central Plains.

Zhang Gui, Guo He, Guo Yu, Song Xian, Qi Jia, Ma Qian, Duan Chenggen, Yin Zhongda, Zong Qin, Zhao Rou, Liu Bing...

"During the Yongjia Rebellion, people from Zhongzhou fled to Hexi. The Zhang family used it with courtesy, and their descendants inherited it, and their clothes did not fall off, so the name of Liangzhou was Duoshi."

Many of these people are from aristocratic families to this day. They are "prominent for Confucianism", "reached the position with Confucianism", "famous for Confucianism", and are called "Xizhou Youxing".

For example, the Zhang family in Anding, the Li family in Longxi, the Guo family in Lueyang, the Xipingtian family, the Jincheng Zong family, and the Dunhuang Song, Yin, Suo, Si, Qi, etc. Many of them were difficult to suppress even during the summer season of the Xia Kingdom. They were local

powerful tyrants and political power.

Before the isolation between Song and Xia, Su You's reputation as a scholar in Xixia was not prominent. Everyone knew him because he was extremely resourceful and good at fighting. He won the hearts of the Huangbo people in Hengshanhe. He was called "Yixi Weishe" there, and in Xia

The people and Tibetan people called him "King Dawei Deming".

Half a year later, these families learned that the actual highest official of Ningxia No. 3 Road turned out to be the Confucian Grandmaster.

When the Emperor of the Song Dynasty demolished the summer palace and used it to build schools, and Su You was in charge of political affairs and reduced taxes and taxes for a year, these intellectuals walked out of their homes one after another, traveled on the road, and began to actively participate in the political life of the Three Roads.

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Su You had presided over an examination before and selected fifty people to serve as state and county officials, academic officers, and assistants in various places.

At the same time, he ordered students from all over the country to recommend outstanding students, regardless of Han or Tibetan origin, to come to Xingzhou Academy for training.

There is another characteristic of Xingzhou Academy, which is learned from Meishan in Shuzhong - couplets.

Many of them are sentences excerpted from Confucian classics, such as "The origin of things must have a beginning. The coming of honor and disgrace must be like their virtues."

Another example is "Be respectful in body but loyal in heart, practice etiquette and justice but love others."

Another example is "No sound is heard but no sound is heard, no action is hidden but invisible" and so on.

At Li Shunju's invitation, Su You also made a couplet, which is stored on both sides of Minglun Hall:

Practicing the Tao in a straightforward manner leads to neutrality, and the trend of human emotions is the law of heaven;

If the family governs the country and the world is in order, the people's will is consistent.

On September 16th, the fifth year of Yuanfeng, Su You led students from twenty-six states to worship Confucius at the Confucian Temple, led them to visit the Forest of Steles, and then gave lectures at Minglun Hall.

"Spring and Autumn" is Su You's original classic, so Su You took "Spring and Autumn" as the title of the opening chapter.

"In the first month of the first month of the spring of the king, and in the third month of the year, the Duke and his father, Zhu Yi, made an alliance in Mi."

"Spring and Autumn Annals is a grand historical compendium, which was revised and compiled by Master based on the records of Lu historians at that time."

"Why is it called "Spring and Autumn"? Because the historians of the Lu State at that time recorded major events in various countries in the form of year, season, month, and day. Therefore, the chronological history of the Lu State itself is called the Spring and Autumn Period."

"Confucius compiled and revised the "Spring and Autumn Annals" compiled by the historians of the State of Lu, and recorded the major events from the first year of Lu Yin to the fourteenth year of Lu Aigong, a total of 242 years."

"How many words did it take? Only sixteen thousand words."

"The reason why "Spring and Autumn" is difficult to read is because its words are subtle but its meaning is profound. This is the so-called Spring and Autumn Calligraphy."

"The so-called Spring and Autumn Calligraphy, at its root, is that the Master showed his ideological tendency when he used his own words to summarize history."

"Different from Sima Qian's "Historical Records" and the style of historical commentary written by Tai Shigong after the biography, Confucius hid this idea in the text and did not write it out directly. It is called "qubi"."

"What is Qubi? It is clear in one word, it is 'a taboo for the venerable, a taboo for the relatives, and a taboo for the sage'."

"But is "Spring and Autumn" all full of twists and turns? No, there is also an aspect of straight writing based on facts."

“It is righteousness to clarify right from wrong by telling the truth.”

"What is right and wrong? Zuo Qiu Mingfa made a subtle exploration and made a precise summary: "Spring and Autumn" is called "Spring and Autumn", which is subtle but revealing, ambitious but obscure, euphemistic and composed, exhaustive but not dirty, punishing evil and encouraging good. Who can cultivate it without a wise man?

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"Mencius said: In the past, Yu suppressed the floods and brought peace to the world; the Duke of Zhou took over the Barbarians and Di; he drove away ferocious beasts and the people were at peace; Confucius succeeded in the Spring and Autumn Annals and the rebellious ministers and traitors were afraid."

"Therefore, Fuzi's "Spring and Autumn" contains implicit praise and criticism. Even if the text does not directly explain the views on the characters and events, the detailed description, word use and material selection can euphemistically and subtly express the author's subjective views and critical attitude.

And the maintenance of etiquette and dignity.”

"This kind of writing method was used by many people later. However, the reason why "Spring and Autumn" is praised is not only because it was pioneered by Confucius, but also through this kind of writing method, it defended the dignity of historians, stated their own positions, and maintained the feelings in their hearts.

In addition to Tsuna, the more important reason is that in this way, he expressed the 'benevolence, justice' and 'kindness' that are accepted by the most people."

"After understanding this, we can study "Spring and Autumn" again and understand between the lines what the Master is maintaining."

"The first sentence - the spring of the first year, the first month of King Zhou."

"The "Biography" explains: He ascended the throne without writing, but took photos."

"What do you mean? In the first year of Yin Gong, there is no mention of Duke Yin's accession to the throne. That's because Duke Yin of Lu was only the regent."

"The first wife of Duke Hui of Lu was named Mencius. After Mencius died, he married his concubine Shengzi and gave birth to Duke Yin."

"In addition to Yin Gong, Hui Gong also had a son, Huan Gong, who was born to Zhongzi, the daughter of Song Wugong."

"Zhongzi was born with three characters on her palm - 'Mrs. Lu'. So the people of Lu believed that she was the royal wife of Lu."

"Shortly after Zhongzi gave birth to Duke Huan, Duke Hui passed away. Therefore, although Duke Yin was older, he took on the role of regent and appointed Duke Huan as Lord of Lu."

"This is the reason why the "Spring and Autumn Annals" records the first year but does not record Yin Gong's accession to the throne."

The students suddenly realized that the three words at the beginning of "Spring and Autumn" turned out to have so much meaning.

"Wang Zhou's first month, what does it mean? It means that when Yin Gong was regent, it was the first month of the Zhou Dynasty's calendar."

"Some people will ask, is there any other calendar besides the Zhou Dynasty calendar?"

"The answer is of course. In addition to the weekly calendar, there was also the lunar calendar and the business calendar at that time. The main difference between the three calendars was the month structure at the beginning of the year, that is, the beginning of each year was different."

"The month of Jian Yin and Meng Chun in the Xia calendar begins with the first month of the lunar calendar; the month of Jian Chou in the Shang calendar begins with the twelfth lunar month; the month of Jian Zi in the midwinter of the Zhou calendar begins with the eleventh month of the lunar calendar."

"The so-called construction is to determine through observation. As for how to build, this is another set of knowledge."

"Nowadays, the Secretary Tianjian of the Song Dynasty is researching major events and determining the chronology based on the movement patterns of celestial bodies and historical records. The interpretation and mastery of the calendars of the three generations is a necessary foundation for researchers."

"But we won't discuss this knowledge today, otherwise we won't be able to finish class."

The students all smiled.

Su You continued: "These four words also express the master's position, which is to serve the Zhou Dynasty as the correct outline of his history."

"The Analects of Confucius is an introductory book to Confucianism, and everyone must be familiar with it."

"In "The Analects of Confucius·Bayi", Confucius said: 'I can describe the rites of the Xia Dynasty, but Qi Qi is insufficient to conquer them; I can describe the rites of the Yin Dynasty, but the Song Dynasty rites are insufficient to conquer them. This is why the documents are insufficient. If they are sufficient, then I can conquer them.'"

"Also: Ai Gong asked the community about Zai me, and Zai me replied: 'The people of the Xia Dynasty used pine, the people of Yin used cypress, and the people of Zhou used chestnuts, saying that they made the people tremble.' When the master heard this, he said: 'Don't say anything about it when it is done. , Don’t remonstrate after things happen, don’t blame bygones.’”

"Also he said: Zhou was in charge of the second generation, and he was very depressed and literary. I followed Zhou."

"From these descriptions, we can see the Master's respect for etiquette and his choices in studying and studying history."

"Therefore, when we read, we cannot be rigidly limited to one scripture or one sentence. We must read all the scriptures thoroughly before we can understand the 'small words and big meanings'."

"In the third month of the month, the Duke and Zhu Yi's father made an alliance in disgrace."

"The biography says: Zhu Zi Ke Ye. He didn't have the king's order, so he didn't write the title. He said "Yi Fu", which means he is noble. The Duke took the throne and wanted to be better than Zhu, so he became an alliance of contempt. In the fourth month of the summer, Fei Bo commanded Shi Chenglang. Not writing is not a public order."

"The Biography explains this sentence as saying that in March, Yin Gong and Zhu Yi's father met in Mi, and Zhu Yi's father was Zhu Zike."
Chapter completed!