The reason why this issue is important is that musical rhythm has a great relationship with timing, weights and measures, astronomy, court system, and etiquette.

In a word, this is not just a simple music issue, but also a philosophical theory that the Chinese nation has always used to guide national progress.

Music and philosophy do not seem to belong to the same category.

Music soars in the sky of emotions and is used to describe the most profound, delicate and extensive world of human emotions.

Philosophy walks on the stone steps of reason, using careful thinking and strict logic to reveal the essential laws of human beings and nature.

But the two also have something in common - they both belong to the highest level of human thinking activities, both transcend the fetters of language, have no limitations of national boundaries, and are the common wealth of mankind.

The Chinese nation, which can be said to be the first nation to connect them, has long given music the attribute of "cosmic information".

It is said that "playing rhythmic songs combines the sounds of yin and yang." "The saints compose music to record the sound of harmony, so they guide the spirit of harmony."

After the Summer Festival, the officials continued to argue about rituals and music, and the final tone became an important point of debate.

Ritual and music, ritual and music, music and ritual are complementary to each other. Since the founding of the Song Dynasty, music has been established three times, but none of them is satisfactory.

One of them is the issue of standard pitch.

There are three types of Dalue bells and bells collected in Taichang Temple: instruments made by Wang Pu, instruments made by Li Zhao, and instruments made by Hu Yuan and Ruan Yi.

Among them, Wang Pu's music was too loud, and Emperor Taizu once expressed his dissatisfaction.

This problem is very serious, because there are still mystical factors and emotional experiences in it - "The pitch is sad, the sound of a country's subjugation."

So Renzong Jingyouzhong also ordered Li Zhaodingle to refer to the law to get the sound of the yellow bell.

However, this is not in line with the current habits of the people of the Song Dynasty. It seems to be too low-key. As the saying goes, "People at that time were accustomed to hearing it and suspected that it was too heavy, so Li Zhaozhi did not use it."

During the reign of Huangyou, Hu Yuan and Ruan Yi made Da Yue again. The sound was slightly lower than that of Wang Pu Yue, and the rhythm distribution was similar. However, there was another problem with the tone of the big bell, and the sound was dull, so it still couldn't be used.

Therefore, the suburban temple still uses Wang Pu’s old music.

However, Taichang Temple musicians discovered a problem in the process of using Wang Pu's old music. "If Wang Pu music is used, the bells and chimes will have a clear sound and it is difficult to follow. If the lower rhythm is modified, the bells and chimes can be used with a clear sound."

After working on it for a hundred years, the music for worship rituals and ceremonies has never been perfected.

Zhao Bian, who became an official and was also a great musician, wrote to the imperial court that this matter must be decided by Su Yousu Yugong, the master of music and music in the imperial court.

So at the court meeting, Zhao Xu handed over this glorious and important task to Su You.

Su You was so stupid at the time, when did I become the master of music in my court?! I have so many things on my hands, is Mr. Zhao trying to kill me?

Zhao Xu chuckled, Mingrun, don't be humble. Back then, you won the big white turtle from Duke Zhao based on your knowledge of music. Duke Zhao had already written this down in a notebook for you, ah no, notes.

Inside.

He invented the law of equals at the age of twelve. It’s such a coincidence. Do you dare to say it’s not God’s will?

Seeing the gazes of admiration for mysterious things from the ministers, Su You was speechless. This...is this too far-fetched?!

With no other choice, Su You had no choice but to take over the job.

This job is not simple.

The works of great music include the qin, harp, xun, chime, flute, wei, xiao, sheng, ruan zheng, zhu, pong bell, special chime, chime, and chime.

Among them, the bells, special chimes, chimes, and chimes are used the most. It is said that "the sound is the most annoying among all the music."

As for the music played in suburban temples in the Song Dynasty, literary dance was played first, followed by martial dance.

However, the festival of culture, dance and beauty cannot be measured and can hardly be called a great virtue.

The Wuwu Rong Festival records the founding process of the Song Dynasty, including Huaiyang's finalization, Jinghu's return, Qiongshu's payment, and the return of troops to Zhenbri.

Each song has lyrics, written by Yang Yi, a great writer who was a child prodigy. It is called "Thirty Movements of Taichang" and is a repertoire of Taichang Temple rituals.

But the Wu Wu was also in a mess, at least the direction of the appearance was wrong with the direction of the Song army's advance at that time.

Therefore, not only is there a problem with the music, but the dance also needs to be modified accordingly.

Fortunately, Su You is no longer a complete layman, he also has a large group of musical talents under his command.

In fact, after the Twelve Equal Temperaments came out, there was only one problem for Su You in the entire ritual and music customization - fixing the Huang Zhong.

As long as the yellow bell pitch is determined, all other pitches can be calculated through mathematical operations.

Huang Zhong is the most important benchmark sound in China.

"Lu Shi Chun Qiu" attributes this invention to Ling Lun, a musician during the emperor's period.

This is a magical rhythm, "Book of the Later Han·Lu Li Zhi": When waiting in the palace, use the jade rhythm twelve. But when you wait on the Lingtai, use the bamboo rhythm sixty. Wait for the day as it is in the calendar.

Kong Yingda's "Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan Zhengyi" quoted "Sustained Han Shu": "The law of weathering is a three-layered earthen chamber. The doors are closed, and there must be a circle of quarrels. The room is densely covered with taman, and the wooden case is used in the middle. Each chamber has its own.

If the internal numbness is high and the external is high, according to its position, add a rhythm on top of it, cover its ends with gallbladder ash, and wait for the case to be treated.

When the moon's energy comes, the ashes fly away and the tubes are connected, and the path of sound is connected with the energy of heaven and earth, so the law is adopted to wait for the energy."

On the winter solstice, the yellow bell, a regular tube, will "fly away and become clear".

The winter solstice is the day when the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Capricorn, the shortest day and the longest night in the whole year in the Northern Hemisphere.

For the ancients, this was the easiest day to observe.

"Han Shu·Lü Li Zhi" also records that Huang Zhong is a legal tube made of bamboo. Its length is ninety cents, its cross-sectional area is nine square cents, and its volume is eighty-one cubic centimeters.

Ten cents are one inch, eighty-one cubic meters are divided into one shen, two sheaves are one unit, ten shears are one liter, and ten shens are one stone.

Pour millet into the Huangzhonglu tube, which can hold one thousand two hundred grains, and weighs twelve baht. Twice of it, that is, twenty-four baht, is one tael, and sixteen taels is one pound.

Therefore, "Guoyu·Zhouyu" has this description: "... Therefore, the bells made by the previous kings were no bigger than a jun and no heavier than a stone. Law, measurement, measurement, and balance were born."

So this is not only a musical benchmark, but also a solar term observation tool, a unit of length, a unit of volume, and a unit of weight that has been used by the Chinese nation for a long time.

However, this unit in the Zhou Dynasty has been lost, the rhythm length has been changing in history, and there is no Huangzhong rhythm tube that can really be used to tune the tune.

This led to the fact that in the Song Dynasty, what kind of pitch the Huang Zhong had became a big historical mystery.

The reason for the great controversy is also because of this.

Su You had too many things to do, so he didn't waste a lot of time.

The function of weights and measures is no longer important. Su's weights and measures also contain important connotations of the mysticism of the universe - one twenty millionth of the earth's prime meridian is one meter. Combined with water, the volume and weight can also be determined.

This is also an important reason why many scholar-officials recognized Neo-Confucianism - it is in line with the way of heaven.

In just one week, Su You came up with the perfect solution.

Sima Guang, the Prime Minister of the Shang and Zhou Yi Bureau, collected a chime in Luoyang. After examination, it was determined that it was one of the clear sounds in the Twelve Rhymes - Taicu.

Su You has revealed the secret of the pitch of sound - frequency, and determined a unit of measurement for frequency - vibrations. At the same time, he invented a tool for testing pitch - the tuning fork.

These are methods and equipment that have been mature before science and engineering, and piano tuning relies on them.

After calculation, the frequency of the yellow bell of the Zhou Dynasty was exactly 864 vibrations.

What's amazing is that by coincidence, this note dropped one octave, which is exactly the same frequency as the note in the middle of the keyboard of today's popular pianos!

That sound was finally determined by Song music experts after years of adjustments in order to get the most harmonious response to the human voice.

The magical agreement between ancient and modern times, there seems to be ghosts and gods in the dark!

Crazy, the scholar-bureaucrats are crazy again!

Su You retired after his success, and presented the Western Zhou Dynasty Taicu bells sent by Sima Guang, the newly made brass tempered pipes from the Polytechnic Institute, the tuning fork for standard pitch testing, and the tune of Lu Ruo and Wang Congzhi based on the twelve equal temperaments.
Chapter completed!