In the end, President Washington, who was steadfast and unyielding, was released with 2,300 ml of blood, almost half of his total blood volume. Finally, he couldn't stand it and he died with a kick.

According to modern perspective, he definitely died of excessive blood loss, not pharyngitis caused by bacterial infections - so it can also be said that Washington was murdered by a doctor.

But in the Middle Ages in Europe, this would only be considered as the President of Washington was deeply sinful and was summoned by the Lord, and the doctors were absolutely not responsible.

In fact, according to the viewpoint of the medieval European era, this doctor is already very responsible for his willingness to take blood on you. In more cases, you will only see him calling a barber over and picking up a razor stained with dandruff, ready to cut your blood vessels.

——Although medieval Europeans believed that "bloodletting is the beginning of recovery", doctors believed that this was something that inferior people did. They usually refused to bleed themselves, but instead entrust a barber to do it... So, the barber became an amateur surgeon.

In 1540, with the approval of the King of England, the barber officially worked as part-time medical surgery, and selected three-color columns as their symbol of their practice of medicine and haircuts. The red in the three-color columns represent the arteries, blue in the veins, and white in the gauze. Later, in 1745, King George II of England ordered the establishment of the Royal Surgery Society, and the medical community has since split from the barbers, but the three-color columns in front of the barber shop have been used until today.

Obviously, when I saw the barber wearing a greasy robe holding a rusty razor in his hand, humming in his mouth, "...Little patient, white and white, grabbed his arms and cut his veins after cutting his arteries and veins, it was so cute." When I saw the barber wearing a grin and walked towards you slowly with a grin, my first reaction must be to beat him to death and not do it!

Next, after you sternly rejected the bloodletting therapy, the doctor complained that you, the patient, was really hard to serve, and finally found a few herbs and cooked a small pot of medicinal soup for you. Just when you were thinking about whether the medicinal soup would taste bitter, you found that the doctor signaled you to take off your pants quickly and then raise your butt - it turned out that the pot was not the medicinal soup that you drank with your mouth, but the enema used to endure!

——There is no way, the medieval European doctors basically had three tricks: bloodletting, enema and vomiting (this trick is quite effective against food poisoning). The main goal is to promote the excretion of harmful substances from the body and rehabilitate the body...

But the problem is that just as excessive bloodletting is equivalent to murder, too much and too frequent enema can lead to the patient's physical exhaustion and death. What's more, if doctors feel that one therapy is not safe enough and use multiple therapies together, it will be a huge tragedy for the patient.

——In 1685, King Charles II of England unfortunately suffered a minor stroke, so twelve imperial doctors entered the palace and began to use all methods to destroy His Majesty's dragon body in the name of "medical": first, cut the king's shoulder and put a full one and a half pint of blood (equivalent to 1,000 ml, while the blood donated only 400 ml per time in our country); then fed the king some vomiting medicine, which made him vomit; next, the highlight was, using potions made of spices such as rock salt, mallow leaves, violets, beetroot, chamomile, fennel seeds, cinnamon, cardamom and saffron, and gave the king an enema every 2 hours... After repeated enema like this for five days, the king's condition not only did not improve at all, but was even worse.

Seeing that the king who was still a little angry became dying, the imperial doctors were so scared that they quickly switched to a new therapy: they shaved the king's hair, burned the red soldering iron to his head, squeezed it out, then applied pigeon dung on his feet, finally grinding the dead man's skull into powder, mixing it into laxatives, and pouring it all into the king's throat... Poor Charles II immediately vomited and diarrhea, and the blood flowed, and finally died.

When he was dying, the king said to the imperial doctors in a "shame": I'm so sorry, I've struggled for so long, and you've been suffering.

——To sum up, the "medical" torture suffered by King Charles II of England before his death is almost terrifying compared to the gay King Edward II of England who was killed by a prisoner with a red iron bar before his death.

Although the consequences of excessive enema are terrible, there are always people in this world who are willing to harm their bodies and seek fashion and entertainment. Like bloodletting, in the late Middle Ages, the pioneering and romantic French people also turned enema from a medical method to a fashion trend. According to court records, King Louis XIII of France had enema 212 times and 47 times from 1610 to 1643, believing that doing so would help keep healthy. His son King Louis XIV of France had more than 2,000 enemas in his lifetime, especially liked to use coffee enemas. For a long time during the Valois and Bourbon dynasties, if the French nobles had not carried a large needle with them while traveling, so that they could enemas at any time, they would be considered as a shame.

In short, in that era, when I saw two French nobles greeting him, the first sentence was neither the weather nor "Have you eaten?", but "Did you have an enema today?"... Don't misunderstand them as masochists in SM Club!

Going back to the topic again, looking at the hot enema potion, you tilted your head and thought for a while, feeling that your headache and insomnia are not related to enema, so you asked the doctor, besides the three "routine medical techniques" of enema, bloodletting and vomiting, are there any other treatment methods?

Seeing you pursuing new trends so much, this doctor excitedly introduced you to several "latest inventions" from the European medical community at that time:

First, fix the patient on a wooden wheel and rotate at high speed, and turn it into darkness in one breath, so that the disease can be transferred away; second, hang some special sachet on the neck, and then take a medicine made of metal powder and mercury. It is said that doing so can eliminate all diseases; third, according to a certain "prophet", the headache is caused by "the devil drilled into the brain". As long as the iron needle soaked in holy water is nailed into the patient's head, the headache can be cured immediately... These therapies have one common feature, that is, they can all make the patient die faster.

So, it’s better to pull out your feet before the doctor takes out the iron needle and hammer and prepares to open a hole in your head!
Chapter completed!