The Ceramics Industry Cluster in Shenhe Town, Yuzhou City is planned to be built outside Provincial Road 231 in the north of Shenhe Town, Yuzhou City, covering the four administrative villages of Luowang, Biangou, Miaojiawan and Liangqiao. The project covers an area of ​​700 acres. Shenhe The town is located 30 kilometers southwest of Yuzhou City, Henan Province. It is an ancient porcelain town with a long history. It is famous for its production of Jun porcelain. In 2003, it was awarded the "Chinese Jun Porcelain Capital" by the China Arts and Crafts Association, and in 2005 it was awarded the "National Historical Cultural Town", Jun Porcelain was awarded the protection of origin in 2004. Shenhe Town is the main ceramic production area in Yuzhou City and one of the largest ceramic production bases in Henan Province. The total output accounts for about one-fifth of the province's ceramic output. 1. It is the main ceramic sales center and distribution center in northern my country. In 2005, the total number of ceramic industries in Shenhe Town reached 497.

The ceramic industrial cluster in Shenhe Town, Yuzhou City follows the planning principles of local concentration, intensive land use, and industrial agglomeration to meet the needs of spatial structure. It is planned to have 50 ceramic companies settled in the industrial cluster by 2010.

Shenhe Town is located in the southwest of Yuzhou City in the central part of Henan Province. It is the birthplace of the Jun porcelain culture, which is well-known at home and abroad. It is a famous Chinese historical and cultural town with typical regional characteristics formed by the accumulation of ceramic culture for more than 5,000 years. It is located in Yuzhou City, Jiaxian County

, the economic, cultural and commercial center at the junction of three counties (cities) in Ruzhou City. The town has a total area of ​​1 square kilometers and a total population of 42,000 people, including a township population of 20,000 and a built-up area of ​​10 square kilometers. "Goddess"

The name "Shenhe Ancient Town" has been awarded four times by the emperor in history. Because it is still rich in various ceramics, "Shenhe Ancient Town" is known as the only "living ancient town" in the country.

Shenhe Town has been successively identified as "100 Small Town Economic Development Pilot Towns in Rural Areas", "National Key Town for Small Town Construction" and "Henan Province Comprehensive Pilot Town for Reform and Development". In September 2003, it was awarded "

The honorary title of "Jun Porcelain Capital of China". In early 2006, Shenhe Town was rated as a "famous historical and cultural town in China".

Shenge Town is located in the shallow mountainous area of ​​​​Funiu Mountain. There are Jiaozi Mountain and Fengchi Mountain in the east, Niutou Mountain and Fengyang Mountain in the west, Daliu Mountain in the south, and Yungai Mountain in the north. The east-west direction runs across the central stem.

Mingshan divides the town into two narrow basins. The south basin is an industrial area mainly based on the ceramic industry in Shenhe Town, and the northern basin is a grain-producing area mainly based on agriculture, with the Xiao River running through it. Xiao River and Xiao Qing River

Throughout its territory, the cultivated land is mostly hills and slopes, and the water conservancy conditions are poor. The territory is rich in mineral resources, with reserves of 1 billion tons of clay, 800 million tons of coal, 1 billion tons of limestone, bauxite, purple sandstone and other mineral resources.

A certain reserve.

One of the ceramic centers. In the Song Dynasty, it was called Shengodian, and in the Ming Dynasty it was called Shengo Town. It belonged to Hongchang City, and in the Qing Dynasty it belonged to Wenfengli. There was a popular folk song in the Ming and Qing Dynasties: "Entering Shengo Mountain, you will see the seven-mile long street.

There were twelve kilns, fireworks covered the sky, and merchants were everywhere, earning buckets of money every day." This shows the prosperity of that time.

Shenge was called Shengedian in ancient times, and was called a town in the Ming Dynasty. It belonged to Lingjinli, Hongchangdu;

, it was rebuilt into Shenhe Town in 1981 and is still here today.

The long history has left Shenhe Town with rich cultural relics and historic sites. At present, Shenhe Town has 1 national-level key cultural relics protection unit, 3 provincial-level cultural relics protection units, various ancient temples, ancient residences, ancient ancestral halls, etc.

There are more than 40 places, most of which are distributed in the ancient town area with the old street as the core and covering an area of ​​3 square kilometers.

Bolingweng Temple, Guandi Temple, Confucian Temple, Laojun Temple, Baiyitang, Laojun Temple, etc.; the main Ming and Qing folk residences include Xijiayuan, Baijiayuan, Wenjiayuan, Huojiayuan, Wangjiayuan, Xinjiayuan, etc. In addition, there are Junci Street, antique market, Wangsong Gate, Zoyu Bridge, Tianbao Village, Dengyu Village and other other buildings or facilities.

It is a national key cultural relic protection unit. The Patriarch Temple is located in the north of Tianbaozhai and on the top of Qianming Mountain. It is a municipal cultural relic protection unit. The main building is the Patriarch Hall, a hard mountain-style building with a platform, three rooms in width and two rooms in depth. To the east of the main hall On the side is the Shenhe Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery, with lush pines and cypresses and verdant green. The Lingquan Temple Ginkgo Tree is located at the southern foot of Fengchi Mountain in the eastern suburbs of the town, 1 km northwest from the Shenhe Town Archway. The tree is more than 1,500 years old. A municipal cultural relic protection unit. There is a spring behind the tree with pure and pure water. It was named Lingquan in ancient times and Taotaojing in common people. It was the original Lingquan Temple, and its building has been rebuilt.

In the Confucius Temple, Ding sacrifices were held every spring and autumn, and nearby students held them. In the imperial examinations of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were chief envoys who passed the exams to teach the officials.

Shenhe folk literature and art include stilts, land boats, dragon lanterns, lion dances, loud noises, etc. During festivals, various industries raise funds to hire Henan local opera troupes such as Bangzi, Ququ, and Yue Diao to perform, among which the local kilns provide their own performances. The "Kiln Workers" troupe has the best performing arts and costumes, and is also the most famous. Local traditional snacks can be found in the Shangpokou area, including fire-roasted beef, braised mutton, pastry fire-roasted, Sheng Maoxiang pastries, etc.

There are different opinions on why it was named and when it started. One theory is that "Shen Go" is the name of a star, because the main mountain of Shen Go (the north mountain is Qianming Mountain) is low, and the Ying Mountain (the south mountain is Daliushan Mountain) ) is high, Yingshan suppresses the main mountain and cannot produce talents. The ancients built the Earth Temple on Nanshan to suppress Yingshan, and built Tianye Pavilion on Beishan to raise the position of the main mountain, and named them after the stars in the sky to adjust "Feng Shui" , May the gods be blessed with outstanding people, and the people be prosperous and prosperous. One theory is based on the "Dafu Shu" in Volume 14 of "Liu Dian of the Tang Dynasty": "The similarities and differences of the three formulas can be distinguished by one billion formulas, one thunder formula, two days Taiyi formula, three days "Liu Ren style." In "Liu Ren", there are "Twelve Generals" and "Twelve Moon Gods". The Twelve Moon God is Dengming in the first month, Tiankui in the second month... The Twelve Month God (the great cold in December) , the day after tomorrow, when Xuan Zhen entered the womb, it was the queen of the gods). The son belongs to "water" in the five elements. Because the gods are rich in porcelain, there are many kilns with strong fires, and there is a corresponding shortage of water. The five elements do not work well, and water and fire cannot be balanced. , the names of places are named with water to show that the water in the sky is matched with the fire in the earth, and water is used to help fire to make green. "Book of Changes" says: "Water and fire are both combined, and great tools can be made." Some people also say that Shang Tang had merit in praying for rain at Sanfeng Mountain in Yuzhou. In order to commemorate him, the local residents respected Shangtang as the sacred nugget and named the village the sacred nugget.

There is another saying that in the second year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, the auspicious beast Zouyu was found here. The emperor ordered to build the White Tiger Temple in front of Daliu Mountain and the Zouyu Bridge behind the mountain. The name is derived from the interpretation.

There are also several interesting legends circulating about the word "啕" for the god: In the Song Dynasty, someone sent the god's Jun porcelain to Bianjing. When Huizong saw it, he was overjoyed and watched it repeatedly. He even said: "Exquisite and strange." Treasure!" He quickly asked where it was produced, and the courtier told him that it was produced by the Queen of God. Huizong said: "The queen of God produced this treasure, and the top priority should be earth." He added the word "earth" to "Hou", so, The word "God Queen" became "God (the Queen above the soil below)". After Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty ascended the throne, he believed that it was not good to hold the soil from the mountains above his head and use it to press down people, so he moved the word "Tu" to the bottom and changed it to "God". In the Qing Dynasty, Empress Dowager Cixi liked Jun porcelain very much. After hearing the story about the change of the word "hou", she thought that it was not good to hold the earth on the head and press it down on people, but it was a pity to step on it under the feet, so it was better to carry it on your back. Okay, this has become "Shen Gu" again. There is another saying that the character "后" was originally the character "啕" with a mound underneath it. When Emperor Mu Zong Zhu Zai of the Ming Dynasty came to the throne, in order to avoid taboo, the mound of the character "啕" was removed and written as "Shenhou". In the Qing Dynasty, the original name was restored and written as "Shenque". Later, the customary usage was followed and it was still written as "Shenhou".

Shenhe is famous both at home and abroad for its Jun porcelain production, so its naming has also attracted attention from all levels of society. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the People's Government of Yuzhou City and the People's Government of Shenhe Town sent people to conduct an investigation and wrote to inquire about China

Purple Mountain Observatory of the Academy of Sciences. After inspection, there is no star name "神奕" in the history of Chinese astronomy, which denies the legend that "神奕" is the name of a star. Other legends have no history to test. It is only recorded in "Liu Dian of the Tang Dynasty"

"Shen Go" is the god of the twelfth month - because it belongs to water, and the Shen Go kiln is full of fire. It was named after it to achieve a balance between water and fire. The name Shen Go may come from this.

As for the reason for the name, it is not difficult to see from the legends. What the above legends have in common is that the Shenhe people have already attached great importance to the rich local porcelain clay resources, and they all hope that under the blessing of the gods, the kiln industry will prosper and the economy will develop. That is:

"Shen" refers to the gods, "Hou" refers to the earth as "Houtu" in ancient times, and "Shen'e" refers to the place blessed by the gods.

There is no way to find out when the name of Shengo originated. According to the "Junzhou Shengo Mountain Temple Stele" written in the third year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1405), it is recorded: "... Shengo Mountain is in the wilderness of Junzhou... Yongle II

In the autumn of the year, an auspicious beast appeared... which is what the "Auspicious Ying Tu" calls Zou and Yu... The imperial edict was made in gold, and a tin ceremony was added to commend it. Officials at home and abroad paid their respects and congratulated him, and once the name of the mountain was broadcast,

It is in the world...... It was written by the Emperor Yiyou of the Zhou Dynasty in the autumn of the third year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty." It can be seen from this that the name of the god had been established in the third year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty, that is, before 1405. According to "History of the Ming Dynasty·Chengzu Chronicles of the Zhou Dynasty"

It is recorded in "The Biography of King Di" and "Shu Ji Zhi Fang Dian" that "porcelain came out of Shenhe Mountain in Yuzhou", which can be proved. In the early Ming Dynasty, the word "Shenhe" had a mound. In order to avoid the taboo of Zhu Zaixing, Muzong of the Ming Dynasty,

The legend of the removal of the mound is believable.

The name of the ancient town's sacred temple originated from the Han Dynasty. Liu Bang, the great ancestor, took Xianyang from the west and benefited from the rich products of Gulong Mountain. After replenishing his troops, he captured the imperial city in one fell swoop. After he ascended the throne, he named Gulong Mountain Da Liu Mountain and built a temple to offer sacrifices.

Later in the day, Queen Mang usurped power, and Emperor Guangwu fled eastward to Nanyang, escaping his pursuers behind the statue of Gaozu. In commemoration of the victory, the place was named "Queen of Gods".

??At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jun porcelain produced in this place was loved by Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty. He personally inscribed it as "Shen Jun Bao Porcelain" and "exquisite product", and also inscribed it as "Shen Hou (Shang'tu'xia'hou')".

The whole world worships the land of the Queen of Gods. The social economy of Emperor Gaozong Nandu was "revitalized" due to the encouragement of civil servants and generals to restore the country. In his spare time, he visited Qinghe County. When he saw the exquisite porcelain, he wanted to take possession of it. Zhang Jun was so frightened that he stayed up all night

Tribute. Reminiscing about his father and wanting to appreciate the beauty of Jun porcelain, he imitated the old practice and set up an official kiln for firing. If the firing failed for a long time, he beheaded the kiln official in anger. In order to survive, the new kiln official reported that the Queen of Gods was able to burn Jun porcelain because of the

Because of Huizong's imperial title, Emperor Gaozong changed the writing style of "hou (上'土'下'后')" to "啕" to show that all the land in the world is more valuable than "神hou" (上'土'下'后')

'After')". However, they still couldn't be fired, and several kiln officials were killed in succession. In order to survive, the kiln official artists spread the news that Gaozong was the master of half of the country, and his title could only count for half, so he couldn't be fired.

When Gaozong heard about the creation of Jun porcelain, he had no choice but to give it up.

[Research on later soil]

Hou Tu was originally the name of a Taoist god, and its full name is "The Emperor of the Earth who accepts the heaven and imitates the virtues and the great glory", also known as "The Emperor of the Earth who accepts the heaven and imitates the virtues". This person controls the fertility of yin and yang, the beauty of all things and the beauty of the mountains and rivers of the earth.

The goddess is the fourth heavenly emperor among the "four emperors" of Taoist gods. In ancient China, there was a saying of "Emperor Heaven and Hou Tu". It can be seen that the Hou Tu God who dominates the earth, mountains and rivers is a noble god compared to the Jade Emperor who dominates the heaven.

Houtu is not an unfamiliar god to the people. She is actually what people commonly call the "Earth Mother".

"Book of Rites: Jiao Te Sheng": "The earth carries all things, and the sky hangs down to make images. The materials are taken from the earth, and the laws are taken from the sky. This is to respect the sky and be close to the earth. Therefore, it is a good reward for educating the people." This kind of worship of the earth god The explanation of the reason is still relatively simple. In other words, ancient humans worshiped the earth god in order to reward it for carrying all things and giving birth to all things.

According to the article "Houtuhuangdizhi" in Volume 1 of "The Encyclopedia of Searching Gods from the Origin of Three Religions": "Heaven and earth are not divided, but blend into one; the first judgment of the two rituals, the positioning of yin and yang, so the clear air becomes the yang sky, and the turbid air becomes the yang sky. It descends and becomes the Yin earth. It is the Yang sky. The five tai are passed down, and the five heavens are positioned, and the sun and the moon are placed above. They are different and mysterious. The Yin of the earth is the god of heaven and the mother of the earth. The so-called soil in "Shilue" refers to the loess when the heaven and the earth first judged it, so it is called the mother of earth. The temple is in Fenyang. On July 23, the fifth year of the Dazhong Xiangfu reign of Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty, Gaofeng was named "Houtuhuang Dizhi", and he was honored to be worshiped in person in Huayin during his reign. Today in Yangzhou Xuanmiao Temple, Houtu Ci is also named. There is a viburnum in front of the temple, with unique fragrance and color, and unique leaves, which is not common in the world. .Emperor Zhenzong granted him the title of "Chengtian", "I will imitate the law, be virtuous and prosperous, and empress the emperor of the earth" (Note: should be Huizong)."

There are various legends about the origin of Houtu God. "Guoyu·Luyu" says that the god is the son of Gonggong, who can pacify Kyushu and become the earth god. "Zuo Zhuan" also says that it is the name of the god: "Tuzheng" "Zhou Li·Da Si Yue" calls it "Di Shi". "Li Yue Ling" calls it "the central soil, its emperor Huangdi, and its god Hou Tu".

If we collect some works written before the Han Dynasty, we can see that the "Houtu" belief before the Han Dynasty was actually a kind of land belief.

"Zuo Zhuan" says: The king wears the earth behind him and wears the emperor's sky." Confucius said: "It is said that the earth is the god of the earth. The earth behind is the name of the earth."

"Zhou Li·Da Zongbo" said: "When the king is granted a seal, he will first sue Houtu." Zheng notes: "Houtu is the god of earth."

"Book of Rites·Tan ​​Gong" says: "The king raised his eyebrows and cried in the back soil." Zheng Annotated: "The queen soil is the society."

"Book of Zhou·Wucheng" says: "Inform the emperor and the queen of the earth." Cai Zhuan: "Julong is the queen of the earth." According to the "Tongkao of Five Rites", it says: "Then the earth of the queen is the human god."

"Book of Rites·Sacrifice" says: "The Gonggong family dominated the nine provinces, and their son was called Houtu." Kong Shu: "The descendants of Gonggong in later generations will be good officials of Houtu." "Tongkao of Five Rites" said: " From now on, the local officials will be the local officials."

"Book of Rites": "If the southern suburbs offer sacrifices to the sky, then the northern suburbs will offer sacrifices to the earth. If the heaven is offered to the yang position, then the earth will be offered to the yin position."

In any case, if we pay attention to these writings before the Han Dynasty, we will find that at that time Houtu once specifically referred to the name of a god created by history, and "Houtu" was the name of a male god. This male god had a A famous father in Chinese mythology. His father was the Gonggong clan who fought against the Yellow Emperor and angered Buzhou Mountain. Houtu also had a famous grandson in mythology, the idealist "Kuafu" who once persevered in tracking the sun. ”.

"Zuo Zhuan" in the 29th year of Zhaogong: "Therefore, there are five elements of officials, which are called five sense organs. Mu Zheng is called Jumang, Huo Zheng is called Zhurong, Jin Zheng is called Xuanming, Shuizheng is called Xuanming, and Tu Zheng is called Houtu. Zhuanxu's family has The disciple named Li was Zhurong; the Gonggong family had a disciple named Julong, who was Houtu. Houtushe."

"The Classic of Mountains and Seas": "Gonggong gave birth to Hou Tu, Hou Tu gave birth to Cho Ming, and Cho Ming was born twelve years old."

Same as the "Great Wilderness Bei Jing": "In the great wilderness, there is a mountain named Chengdu Zaitian. There is a man who has Er and two yellow snakes and two yellow snakes, named Kuafu. Later, the natives gave birth to faith, and faith gave birth to Kuafu." Hao Yixing's note: "Later

Tu, the son of Gongshi, Julong, can also be found in "Zuo Zhuan" in the 29th year of Zhaogong's reign, and also in "Hai Nei Jing"."

"Hai Nei Jing": "Gong Gong gives birth to Hou Tu."

"Guoyu·Luyu" says: "The Gonggong clan has nine hegemons, and its son is called Hou Tu, who can level the Nine Tu." It seems to be the historicalization of the myth of "Gonggong gave birth to Hou Tu" in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas".

Among all these records about Hou Tu, we think the most noteworthy is the record in "Shan Hai Jing". According to this record, "Hout Tu" is in charge of the world of the dead.

The original version of The Classic of Mountains and Seas should be the geographical archives collected by the Zhou Dynasty officials. As early as 1929, Shanghai World Book Company published Mao Dun's "ABC of Chinese Mythology Research" under the pseudonym "Xuanshu", which was based on the contents of The Classic of Mountains and Seas.

Comparing with "Chu Ci", we found that in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to the "Calling Souls" chapter of "Chu Ci", Hou Tu was the god who ruled the underground city.

The "Hai Nei Jing" in "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" says: "Within the North Sea, there is a mountain called Youdu Mountain. The black water comes out. On it are black birds, black snakes, black leopards, black tigers, and black foxes.

"There is the mountain of Daxuan, and there are the people of Xuanqiu (Guo's note: the people on the hill are all gone). There is the country of Daxuan, and there are people with red shanks (Guo's note: everything below the knees is red)."

Mao Dun thought that everything in the "Netherworld" mentioned here is dark, which is quite similar to the gloomy and lightless underworld in Greek mythology. Primitive people's concepts of the afterlife are mostly miserable. But the "Book of Mountains and Seas"

The myth of "Youdu" is not complete. Mao Dun still has to quote Wang Yi's note on "Calling Souls" to explain that Houtu is the king of Youdu:

"When the soul comes back, you will not go to this secluded capital. (Wang Yi's note: The underground world is dark, so it is called Youdu.) Tu Bo Jiu Yue, (Wang Yi's note: Tu Bo, the Hou Bo of Hou Tu. Yue, Qu

Also.) Look at people more. (Wang Yi’s note: It is said that there is a native uncle guarding the door underground. His body is nine-bent and has horns. He is mainly responsible for hurting people. Look at him, and he has a good appearance. Dun Hui Xue Thumb, (Dun means thick)

; Humer means back; Thumb means thumb of hand.) It makes people look more naughty. (骀骀 means walking appearance.) It looks like a tiger's head, and its body is like an ox."

During the Song Dynasty, celadon-glazed porcelain was commonly fired in the Yangdi area. An old woman led several sons to fire a porcelain kiln. One day when the kiln was opened, several pieces of colorful glazed porcelain with red and purple spots suddenly appeared. The old woman must have been overjoyed.

It was the "Kiln God" who appeared and hurriedly called the whole family to burn incense and kowtow at the Boling Ong Temple. But when the second kiln was fired, the glaze color disappeared again. The old woman was very puzzled as to why the "Kiln God"

Not working? At this time, she suddenly saw a lot of copper scraps under the workshop house, and asked her son who removed it. The son said that he did not remove it himself, there was only a passing coppersmith who spent the night here the day before yesterday. The old woman

I thought, could the red glaze have something to do with the copper shavings? So I mixed the copper shavings into the glaze, and sure enough, the rose purple glaze was brighter and more beautiful than the first time. The news spread, and kilns near and far followed suit.

Production. Later, some skilled craftsmen mixed copper ore into the glaze and fired it into a purple-red glaze. From then on, the celadon glaze was no longer a simple one-color glaze, but had a variety of tones, as if in the blue sky.

Suddenly, beautiful patches of red cloud appeared.

"Earthworms walking on mud patterns"

"Earthworm mud pattern" is a special pattern on Jun porcelain glaze. It looks like the traces left by earthworms crawling on the mud floor. It is in the shape of winding lines with different lengths. Some are single lines, and some are...

Multiple lines intersect with each other. This pattern originated from the Jun kiln of Song Dynasty and is unique to Jun porcelain. It is one of the artistic features of Jun porcelain kiln.

Regarding the earthworms walking on the mud, there is a legend among the people in Yuzhou: The Ying River in Beiguan, Yuzhou City used to be very deep, and there were fish, turtles, shrimps, crabs and other aquatic tribes living in the water. The aquatic tribes had a common leader, called "Touwang"

.This king is supreme and holds the power of life and death among the water tribesmen. It is very powerful.

Earthworms also lived in the water at that time, swimming around in the water like crabs and shrimps. Earthworms were also very good friends with crabs. One day, the two pincers on the crab's head accidentally pinched off the shrimp.

With two long beards, the ant went to the king to complain. This ant was very smart. In order to sue the crab, it secretly gave the king a night pearl. The king was very happy when he saw it, so he accepted it.

.As the saying goes: Eat someone's soft mouth, and take advantage of others' weak hands. After the king accepted the bribe, he turned on the crab, so he sentenced the crab to be guilty and had to be burned to death in the fire.

When the earthworm heard about this, he felt very sorry for the crab, so he went to the head king to comment. The king couldn't listen, so he couldn't help but sentence the earthworm to the same crime as the crab and be executed together.
To be continued...