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From 1810 to 1811, with the failure of Napoleon's marriage with St. Petersburg, and the French invasions respectively, annexed the Principles of Hamburg, Bremen, Lubeck and Oldenburg, and continued to station a large number of troops in Prussia, Tsar Alexander understood in his heart that the Treaty of Tirsit, which had brought four years of precious peace to France and Russia, was about to tore up, and Russia was about to face the final death battle with the French Empire. So, Alexander I was determined to fight back against Napoleon.

At the beginning, St. Petersburg tried to threaten France's vassal state, the Principality of Warsaw, through military exercises, but was humiliated by the Baltic Combined Fleet and the increasingly fierce border war with Turkey, Alexander had to end the farce in advance.

Alexander was very clear that as the supreme ruler of Europe, Napoleon, possessed much more territories than Russia in material resources; as the suzerain master, he had 7 kingdoms and 30 principalities, so Russia urgently needed the support of European allies.

As a result, Tsar Alexander kept sending special envoys to visit Britain, Sweden, Rhine, Prussia and Austria publicly or secretly. Although he was very sympathetic to Tsar Alexander, two traditional allies of Russia: Prussia and Austria, after weighing the pros and cons, they formally refused to join Russia's request to openly oppose the French occupation forces at the end of 1811.

After losing the Danze Corridor and Prussian Silesia, fearing the continued military invasion of the Duchy of Warsaw led by Desay, King Frederick William III of Prussia, together with the Prime Minister of the Cabinet Baron Hardenburg, abandoned all the dignity of the superiors, and like two low-level diplomats, drove from Berlin to the Palace of Duille in Paris at night, begging Emperor Napoleon for the summoning of Emperor Napoleon.

After a bargaining without going through too fiercely, on November 5, the Prime Minister of Prussian Baron Hardenburg represented His Majesty William III, who had returned to Berlin in advance, formally concluded an alliance with France, and humiliatedly climbed onto the rolling chariot commanded by Napoleon.

According to this covenant, in 1812, Prussia had to send 20,000 to 30,000 soldiers to participate in the attack on Russia, allowing Napoleon's army to pass freely on the land of Prussia, and also had to pay a large amount of food and fodder for replenishment, including 20 million kilograms of bare wheat, 40 million kilograms of wheat, 43,000 sheep, and 70 million bottles of beer for the use of the army of France and its allies. As for the military pay of the 20,000 mercenaries, as well as the payment method and time for military supplies, the Prussians were told: we will discuss it separately in the future.

Soon, three days before Christmas, Austrian Prime Minister Prince Metternich also represented Austrian Emperor Francis and signed a covenant with France in Paris. Since Napoleon secretly promised the Habsburg family to take back the provinces of Illyria, Metternich promised in the treaty that Vienna would send at least 30,000 troops to Volcinia in 1812 to cover the flanks of Napoleon's invasion of the Russian army.

Throughout 1811, Russia's only prominent diplomatic conclusion was in Stockholm.

Because of the former French marshal and the current Swedish crown prince, Bernardote, when he first came to power, he showed his usual idea of ​​not agreeing to Napoleon's order: he would never fight with France. Unless Napoleon sponsored his Stockholm court to obtain the just-supported Norway, Sweden would give Napoleon and his army support in the north direction.

However, Crown Prince Reedy's suggestion was rudely rejected by Napoleon. The emperor still ordered Crown Prince Bernardote to treat various vassal states, instructing him to continue to implement the mainland blockade system, otherwise the French army would occupy the Swiss Pomerania. But even such a threat could not force Bernardote to bow his head. The stubborn Moorish descendants would rather give up this territorial that caused many troubles in Germany and Italy than lose foreign trade with Britain.

So in December 1811, France sent troops to occupy the Swiss Pomerania. At the same time, at the Stockholm Palace, Bernardote happily received the olive branch from St. Petersburg and signed a two-state peace treaty with the Russian Tsar's special envoy.

In this peace treaty, Alexander understood and agreed to Sweden's future acquisition of Norway. In exchange, Sweden needed to support Russia's opposition to Napoleon in the upcoming war. However, this limited support is secret and unpublic.

In addition to Bernardote's fear that this move would lead to a fierce backlash from Napoleon, he placed the target of the strike first on the Scandinavia Peninsula. In addition, he was also worried that the parliamentary opposition would protest with the old Swedish royal family or block it. In addition, Bernardote endorsed a letter on the contract between Russia and Sweden, solemnly stressing that the Swedish army would never participate in Russia's war on the land of the Duchy of Warsaw.

As a traditional anti-French ally, Britain was as generous as ever, and unswervingly supported the just cause of the great Russian Empire. However, like Sweden, London always stood on two ships in dealing with the Polish issue. On the one hand, the British gave St. Petersburg nearly one of the million pounds or material aid every year; on the other hand, they also gave Tsar Alexander one of the mortal enemies, Andrew Desay, the increasingly powerful naval fleet in the Baltic Sea.

Of course, the British Minister of War and Colonial and the Earl of Liverpool responded to the Russian ambassador who came to negotiate, and made a remarkable defense: "This is a bilateral agreement signed by the Downing Street Cabinet and the Manresa Cabinet, not against the Principality of Warsaw and Russia. As for Andrew Desay, he no longer ruled the United Kingdom of Catalonia, and is currently only the monarch of the Principality of Warsaw!"

Although the Russian Ambassador to London and Earl Stroganov seemed indignant about this, he finally accepted it helplessly. After all, looking at the entire Europa continent, only Britain is Russia's only, open, and firm ally. The Russians need weapons, ammunition, and gold from the British aid.

On the other hand, in order to appease the Russian ambassador to London and let St. Petersburg up a firm confidence in resisting France, he immediately vowed to assurance that before the official war between France and Russia, the British expeditionary force led by General Wellington would take the initiative to attack, drive the French legion commanded by Marshal Massena out of Portugal, and burn the raging war to the hinterland of Spain, forcing Napoleon to be unable to transfer the 250,000 elite French troops on the Iberis Peninsula to the Russian battlefield thousands of miles away.

At the same time, the British local fleet stationed in Portsmouth will be ordered to completely block the English Channel and the North Sea passage, and will not allow any foreign ships or supply merchant ships hostile to Russia to enter and exit the Baltic Sea freely.

The careless Earl of Stroganov obviously did not know that, following the agreement signed by the United Kingdom of Catalonia and the Kingdom of Britain, warships heading to the Baltic Sea were allowed to retain a British naval flag. When necessary, the British liaison officer of the Catalan Navy could also issue a request to the British fleet that was carrying out a blockade mission.

Before the war, in terms of winning over allies with France, St. Petersburg was most worried about how to end the bloody war that lasted for five years with Turkey, which had been exhausted by both sides.

Although the Moldavian Front, commanded by Kutuzov, twice defeated the Ottoman Turkish army through the Battle of Rushchuk and Slobozia, forced Istanbul to return to the negotiating table due to support and incitement from the French ambassador and Catalonian side, Turkey's young sultan seemed unwilling to stop the war under the influence of tough military resistance. Therefore, this unfinished war still continued to stalemate in the Black Sea and Romania.

At the same time, in Paris, Napoleon's preparations for attacking Russia had entered a intensive preparation stage by the end of 1811. After France formed allies with Prussia, Austria, Denmark and other countries, and successfully signed a series of anti-Russia alliance treaties with vassal states such as Spain, Saxony, the Principal of Warsaw, Italy, and the Rhine Federation:

On December 4, Napoleon and the Army Minister studied the artillery organization of the "New Legion" and planned to equip 512 artillery units in the artillery units and allocate 176 artillery units to the infantry;

On December 16, Napoleon ordered Bessier to bring back all the Guards serving in Spain and prepare for the war. The Guards will be organized into three infantry divisions, equipped with 128 field guns, two cavalry divisions, equipped with 48 field guns;

Three days later, Napoleon secretly ordered 3,000 horses to be purchased in Poland, 1,000 horses in Württemberg, 2,000 horses in Hannover and Westphalia, and 4,000 horses in Austria;

On the same day, Napoleon also ordered his librarians to send him all the books that he could collect about Russia and Lithuania, as well as historical materials of Charles XII's battles in Poland and Russia.
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