"The two men were political opponents. Wang Anshi wanted to reform the law, but Sima Guang opposed it. But intellectually, they were still good friends and respected each other. What they respected was each other's knowledge. This is something we should learn from. We cannot

Because of different political opinions, we don’t even recognize other people’s knowledge. However, for us, what we really need to learn is that politics is not a matter of life or death. On this point, "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" can give

Warning, but must not learn, China’s political history has always been a life-or-death struggle, blindly defeating the other party, or even taking the other party’s life, just ignores that politics itself is an art of compromise!”

In fact, it was precisely because of reading "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" that Li Zicheng found the roots of political activities with Chinese characteristics.

"Without conflict, there is no politics; without compromise, politics can only end in violent conflicts. Democratic politics cannot eliminate conflicts, but it can resolve conflicts and turn vicious conflicts into benign conflicts. Democratic politics is forged through compromise and is based on conflict.

It begins and ends with compromise. In fact, democratic politics itself is the product of compromise. Compromise is also an important part of democratic politics. The spirit of compromise is also a part of democratic political culture.

Compromise means that politicians in conflict resolve conflicts peacefully by making concessions to each other during the negotiation process in the political process, especially in political conflicts, without resorting to violence. Compromise is a substitute for violence. Without compromise, there is only violence. Violence is the fundamental means for all political systems to preserve themselves. Compromise is the only option other than violence. Refusal to compromise must be a prelude to violence.

Democratic politics is a political system that creates compromise. ** is a political system that creates violence. Democratic politics greatly increases the cost of non-compromise. For those in power, under non-democratic politics, the cost of compromise is very high; under democratic politics, The cost of not compromising is very high and will be sanctioned by the law, voters and morality. Institutional arrangements for compromise, including the protection of minorities, are part of the democratic system. In non-democratic systems, there is no system to promote compromise. There is no protection mechanism for those who have the upper hand in conflicts and minorities. Therefore, after we establish a republic, the process from a republic to a republic is actually a process in which politicians learn how to master the art of compromise."

The Prime Minister's explanation of political compromise made Xie Hongfen nod her head with deep approval. She had heard her father mention similar things.

"Well, if the Kuomintang had not chosen to use force to defeat Yuan after the Song Dynasty case in the second year of the Republic of China, perhaps China's political situation would be very different from now!"

Xie Hongfen's words earned Li Zicheng a burst of appreciation.

"And what is the warning that this "Zi Zhi Tong Jian" gives us? What some people saw is "If you beat a snake, you will not die, but you will be bitten by the snake." Therefore, they learned from it that "no compromise", Chinese tradition There is a lack of institutional mechanisms for compromise and a lack of cultural concepts to support compromise. China's mainstream cultural tradition is even anti-compromise, and rulers are accustomed to being "uncompromising" and answering all challenges with violence. In China's mainstream political culture, Compromise means incompetence, weakness, frustration, loss of face, etc. Even if it means losing both sides, we will not hesitate and never compromise. Compromise means incompleteness. In political textbooks, compromise and incompleteness are very serious accusations. In Chinese history, The conflicts between officials and officials and between officials and the people are always full of killings and bloodshed. Without a system that creates compromise, it will be difficult to take action to compromise. What Chinese society lacks most is not the concept and spirit of compromise and tolerance, but the spirit of compromise and tolerance.

It is the lack of institutional arrangements to create compromise and tolerance. Where there is no such system, compromise is difficult to become the fundamental way to resolve conflicts, and now, it is exactly this system that we are trying to establish!"

After Li Zicheng made these concluding remarks, Xie Hongfen seemed to be thoughtful and enlightened. After a while, she raised her head and looked at the Prime Minister, who was only a few years older than her.
Chapter completed!