Chapter 360~361 The 15-year glorious Chinese Empire and the Breakdown between Italy

I wish you all a happy Dragon Boat Festival!

In the first decade of the 20th century, the Chinese Empire's total economic output once again surpassed the United States to regain the world's first place. It is really exciting to regain this position after fifteen years after the ancient Eastern Empire was surpassed by the United States in 1895.

However, economic aggregate and industrial capacity are two concepts. At least, although the current economic aggregate of the Chinese Empire has regained the world's first place, its overall industrial capacity is not as good as the United States and Germany, and it ranks third in the world.

Although the industrialization process of the Chinese Empire was very fast, compared with the decades and hundreds of years of industrial accumulation in Europe and the United States, the industrial accumulation time of the Chinese Empire was too short. Just like the race, although European and American boxers ran slowly, they had already run a long distance. Although the boxers of the Chinese Empire ran fast, it would take a certain amount of time to catch up with the European and American boxers ahead.

In the fiscal year 1910, the Chinese Empire Congress released a white paper on the estimate of industrial strength data of countries around the world as a reference standard for evaluating the overall strength of the Chinese Empire and to formulate comparison objects for future economic development work.

The white paper mainly refers to the economic data released by European and American governments, as well as the intelligence obtained by the Chinese Empire through special channels as auxiliary formulation.

The United States is still the country with the strongest industrial product in the world. In 1909, the United States' GDP was US$13.014 billion, Germany was US$9.219 billion, the Chinese Empire was US$8.856 billion, the United Kingdom was US$7.723 billion, France was US$4.532 billion, Russia was US$2.122 billion, Italy was US$1.017 billion, and Japan was US$986 million.

Among them, the Chinese Empire's GDP grew the fastest, and since 1900, it has increased at an average rate of 20 every year. This is due to the large-scale domestic industrial construction of the Chinese Empire and the large-scale practical application of high-tech technologies. Of course, the Chinese Empire launched a war of colonial plundering against foreign countries and its role is also an invaluable agent.

Britain's GDP dropped sharply because Britain suffered heavy damage in the Sino-British War and the Eight-Nation Alliance's war invasion of Britain. Its strength was only in 1905, and it was regressed by five years.

Another rapid development was Japan. Although Japan was hit hard by the Chinese Empire's military, its economy had collapsed at that time. However, the comprehensive political, economic and military confrontation between China and the United States led to the United States' vigorous support for the Japanese economy, which made Japan's economic growth extremely fast in the past decade.

However, Japan lacks resources and does not have a source of raw materials and commodity dumping market in overseas colonies. In addition, the strong growth of the industrial strength of the Chinese Empire has put a huge pressure on Japan's industry, so although Japan's industry has developed very quickly, its total value is not high. Of course, Japan's US$986 million in the eyes of the Chinese Empire is nothing, but in the eyes of the Japanese, this achievement is huge.

As the main criterion for measuring the strength of an industrial country's industrial capacity is still the annual output of steel and coal. The white paper of the Chinese Empire also published the steel and coal output of major industrial countries in the world in 1909.

In 1909, the United States had a total steel production of 26.51 million tons, ranking first in the world. The Chinese Empire had a total steel production of 25.3 million tons, ranking second in the world. Germany ranked third in the world with 13.7 million tons. Behind were the United Kingdom 6.48 million tons, Tsarist Russia 3.44 million tons, France 3.41 million tons, Italy 1.22 million tons, Austro-Hungarian Empire 460,000 tons, and Japan 160,000 tons.

In terms of coal production, the United States still ranks first, with 620 million tons. The Chinese Empire ranked second with 540 million tons. Germany ranked third with 330 million tons. Behind are France 230 million tons, Britain 170 million tons, and Russia 120 million tons.

Since 1907, due to the widespread use of internal combustion engines, from vehicles on land, warships in the ocean, to aircraft in the air, and the large-scale use of petrochemical products has stimulated the large-scale production and sales of oil. Therefore, a new generation of industrial power standards based on petroleum and petrochemicals were introduced.

In the indicators of the Chinese Empire's industrial power, oil production is also included in the standards.

In 1909, the United States produced 100 million barrels of crude oil, ranking first in the world, Russia produced 30 million barrels of crude oil, ranking second, Britain (colonial) produced 9 million barrels of crude oil, ranking third, the others were France, 1.1 million barrels of crude oil, Persia, and 900,000 barrels, and other countries were below 50,000 barrels.

As major oil producers, the United States, Russia and the United Kingdom are mainly used for export. Among them, the Chinese Empire is the world's largest oil importer, importing 40 million barrels of crude oil each year, mainly from the United States.

Of course, this is just a superficial situation. In fact, the Chinese Empire was plundering American oil because all the oil imported by the Chinese Empire from the United States came from Chinese oil companies established by the Chinese Empire after land grabbing in the United States. Although some large oil reserve areas were also discovered in the Chinese Empire, they were all sealed after discovery. The imperial government did not approve the mining and only allowed the establishment of relevant petrochemical factories.

The reason for this decision was mainly because the Chinese Empire had not much oil reserves, which could be said to be an oil-poor country in the world. Moreover, oil was buried deep and difficult to exploit, and the cost of self-exploitation was much higher than the cost of mining abroad.

In addition, the Chinese Empire captured land in the United States for two consecutive times, resulting in a large number of oil extraction companies emerging in the United States, causing the spread of oil extraction in the United States and the price of crude oil is very low. The Chinese Empire retained the mining rights of twelve large oil fields in the United States and did not sell them. The cost of self-research was low, and oil was continuously exported to China, so there was no need to exploit the already unrich oil resources in China. Of course, oil is not widely used now and has not yet reached the dominant position of replacing coal, so it is even more unnecessary.

Since the Chinese Empire ascended the throne in 1901, the Chinese Empire was officially announced. The establishment of this empire marked the final completion of China's unification. After unified China, capitalism developed rapidly because of the elimination of political semi-colonial and semi-feudal systems, unified centralization, drove away foreign forces, and promoted the formation of a domestic unified market; billions of war reparations seized from Russia, Japan, and Britain and huge amounts of oil funds "robbed" from the United States were used to develop domestic light and heavy industries,

Especially the military industry; the establishment of six major domestic industrial bases has been completed one after another, forming a comprehensive development base for heavy industry and light industry; the creation of national railways and highway networks has been completed, forming strong industrial transportation capabilities and promoting economic development; the industrial revolution of the Chinese Empire was relatively late and was easy to accept foreign advanced scientific and technological achievements; under the wise guidance of Emperor Chenhao, the Chinese Empire developed the industrial development model with Chinese characteristics through a combination of the American resource industry model and the German scientific and technological industry model to achieve great success.

Therefore, in the last five years of the 19th century, after the Chinese Empire quickly completed its industrial revolution, by the first ten years of the 20th century, the capitalist industry of the Chinese Empire developed leapfrog. From 1895 to 1910, the steel output increased from less than 10,000 tons to 25.3 million tons; the coal output increased from 3.1 million tons to 540 million tons; and the railway line increased from about 100 kilometers to 420,000 kilometers. Metallurgical forging, machine manufacturing, shipbuilding, electrical industry, petrochemical industry, ore mining industry, and textile production industry all developed rapidly. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Chinese Empire surpassed Britain and France in industrial production, and ranked third in the world.

The development of large capitalist industries in the Chinese Empire and the world economic and financial crisis in 1906 accelerated the formation of monopoly organizations. In 1895, the Chinese Empire had one monopoly group (Wang Chenhao's Beiyang Heavy Industry Group), which increased to 20 in 1900 (Wang Chenhao ascended the throne, in order to win over his subordinates, distributed part of the Beiyang Group's industries to his confidant subordinates to operate). In 1905, there were about 1,250, and in 1910 it reached 6,600. The monopoly organization controlled industrial production and formed the foundation of the economic life of the Chinese Empire. At the beginning of the 20th century, Zhili Coal Company monopolized half of the national coal production; Empire Steel Group (Zhili Steel Public)

The Ministry of Education controls all 99 steel production industries in China; in terms of military industry, Beiyang Ordnance Heavy Industry occupies a dominant position. In the new industrial sectors such as chemistry, electrical appliances, optics and precision instruments, they were operated by monopoly enterprises from the beginning. With the development of industrial monopoly organizations, bank capital was also rapidly concentrated, and 40 banks in Beijing controlled the national capital of 83. Bank capital and industrial capital combined to form financial capital. For example, the Bank of China (Bank of America) of the Empire of Imperial Emperor Chenhao has a capital of 4.2 billion yuan and controls more than 14,200 industrial enterprises. The formation of monopoly capital in the Chinese Empire marks that it has entered the imperialist stage.

However, the Chinese Empire has a land area of ​​63.3 million square kilometers and overseas territory, a population of 432 million, and has a strong domestic market. It does not require external expansion for the time being.

The Chinese Empire was calm and calm in developing its economy. Wang Chenhao was waiting for a world war to break out in Europe. That was the time for the Chinese Empire to quickly seize the center of the world economic.

Obviously, the Chinese Empire's foreign policy towards Europe and the United States accelerated the speed of a war in Europe.

The emergence of the Three Kingdoms Alliance and the Three Kingdoms Agreement has officially ended its balance of power in Europe since the Vienna Peace Conference, and a new era of alliance has arrived. On the surface, this change seems to be towards a balance, but in fact, international peace is a dangerous tightrope, and you may fall into the abyss by accident.

The international relations from 1905 to 1910 were a little thrilling. Every crisis planted the seeds of suspicion and resentment, making the war more likely.

Two Moroccan crises broke out in North Africa, and each time it showed the boldness of the German rulers and the lack of planning. Germany was always aimed at threatening and attacking France, and France, which was supported by Britain and Russia, is no longer the lamb of the past. Although Germany repeatedly fought against each other and had a murderous intent, the German navy demonstrated directly in the second crisis, but this was pushed back by France, which was almost unimaginable in the Bismarck era. In the second Moroccan crisis, Britain showed no hesitation with Germany. In the second Moroccan crisis, Britain showed no hesitation with Germany.

The attitude of World War I prompted Germany to reach the extreme anger of the United Kingdom. What the German Emperor said in an interview with the British media, "Most Germans opposed the British." At this time, it seemed that it was no longer absurd but slightly conservative. Britain did not regard Germany as a hypothetical enemy, but a real enemy to deal with it seriously. In 1906, military personnel between Britain and France had begun to study the possibility of cooperation in combat with Germany. At the same time, the German General Staff was also formulating the famous Schriefen plan.

It can be said that both the Allies and the Allies are already preparing to deal with the possibility of a war between the two sides, but neither side realizes that once the two major military groups break out, the scale and time are far beyond their imagination. British military strategists believe that the war time required for Europe to reshuffle is enough, and German military strategists agree with this, and believe that at most, Germany will defeat France and force France to cede land and pay compensation again.

Both sides believe that if the arms race continues like the Allies and Allied Powers, a war will definitely break out in the next ten years, but they also did not expect that the war between the two sides would be approaching.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the European continent was filled with storms and winds. The conflicts between the great powers and between the great powers and the colonies continued to deepen, and the struggle became more and more intense.

In the Balkans, many contradictions gather here and fight, and a little Mars is enough to detonate.

But the emperor of the Chinese Empire, Wang Chenhao, was happy with such things, fanning the flames everywhere, creating conflicts between the great powers. Wang Chenhao was not sure that World War I would break out in 1914, but he could create conditions to make the war break out. Therefore, the Chinese Empire under Wang Chenhao laid bombs for the European powers in the Suez Canal, the Balkans, and the Moroccan region of North Africa. As for which bomb exploded first, Wang Chenhao was not sure, but he would try his best to create conditions.

Wang Chenhao knew very well that since the imperialist powers had a major dispute over interests in the Balkans, their intervention in this war became inevitable. Intervention with the war would inevitably lead to further intensification of the contradictions between European powers, so Wang Chenhao also connected the fuse for the First World War.

As early as 1907, Thessalonika became the center of the activities of young Turks. The Unification and Progress Association actively established branches in various parts of Macedonia, paying special attention to developing organizations among the young officers garrisoned in the local army, and began to establish guerrillas in rural areas. At the end of December of the same year, representatives from the Riza faction's Unification and Progress Association, Prince Sabahdin's personal initiative and local decentralization alliance, and the Dashnak Society of Armenia and other organizations held a joint meeting in Paris, deciding to adopt various means, including armed struggle, to fundamentally change the existing system and establish a parliamentary system.

Behind them, apart from the shadow of Britain, France and Russia, the Chinese Empire participated in it for the first time.

It turned out that in order to obtain Kuwait and Iraq's oil-producing areas controlled by the Turkish Empire, the Chinese Empire repeatedly asked the Turkish government to allow the Chinese Empire to lease ports in Kuwait and the Gulf area near Iraq, but they were rejected by the Turkish Empire every time.

Therefore, the Chinese Empire was very dissatisfied with Turkey's Abdul Hamid II. One of the factors that exported it to the Greek Navy's most advanced battleship was to express dissatisfaction with the Turkish Empire.

However, Abdul Hamid II never obeyed the mercy of the Chinese Empire like an obedient child, so the Chinese Empire decided to support the new Turkish regime in order to achieve the strategic goal of occupying Kuwait and Iraq.

Of course, the Chinese Empire was attracted by the huge oil resources of Kuwait and Iraq. Especially the Kuwait region, which is located at the lowest point of the Gulf Oil Zone, and all oil flows there. As long as there is still a drop of oil left in the Middle East, it is also in Kuwait.

With the continuous increase in global oil demand and decline in Sino-US relations, the United States has tight supervision of the Chinese Empire's oil companies in the United States, and has established trade barriers with China due to the trade deficit with China and imposed 200 tariffs. One part of the Sino-US trade war is oil. In order not to cut off oil supply by the United States during the war, the Chinese Empire decided to control the abundant oil in the Middle East Gulf region. The Persian Empire was destroyed by Russia, and the Chinese Empire did not want to conflict with Russia for the time being, so bullying Türkiye became necessary.

With the secret support of the Chinese Empire, on July 3, 1908, Major Niazibey, the head of the Resne organization of the Unified Progress Association, led 550 people to the mountain. First, with the call of "freedom, equality, fraternity, justice", announcing opposition to the Sudanese government and foreign division of conspiracy. A few days later, Enverpasha, who had been transferred to underground activities, received support from a large number of weapons and equipment and funds of the Chinese Empire, and also announced an uprising.

The uprising quickly swept through many units of the 3rd and 2nd Legion stationed in Macedonia, and soon the Unification and Progress Association became the real master of the entire Macedonian region.

On July 20, the Muslim residents of Monasti held an uprising; on the 23rd, the rebels entered Thessalonika, announcing the restoration of the 1876 Constitution, and issued a telegram to Sudan to restore the constitution within a time limit, otherwise they would march into Istanbul. Abdul Hamid II felt that the situation was hopeless and was forced to announce the restoration of the constitution on the 24th and reopen the parliament.

The initial victory of the revolution brought great hope to the people. However, the young Turks believed that the purpose of the revolution had been achieved and they were satisfied with the position of "supervisor" of the political dynasty. The Sudan and his political dynasty were safe and sound, forming a situation where the two regimes coexisted.

The program formulated by the young Turks after the revolution only proposed political requirements such as defending constitutional systems, expanding parliamentary rights, limiting Sudanian privileges, and all Ottomans were equal before the law, as well as economic requirements for the development of commerce, industry, and agriculture. They could not put forward a practical program for the anti-feudal and anti-imperialist struggle facing the revolution.

In early October 1908, Austrian political fu announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina states, further shaking the prestige of young Turks. The domestic feudal religious comprador activities became increasingly rampant. Sabahdin's Liberal Party and Muslim alliance formed a political alliance against the Unified Progressive Association, leading to the counter-revolutionary incident on April 13, 1909.

In the early morning of April 13, some soldiers of the First Legion, who were loyal to the Sudanese capital, launched a rebellion. They gathered at Hagia Sofia Square, where the parliamentary seat, and many religious scholars and students joined the way. The rebels demanded the expulsion of the Speaker and the ban on the Unified Progress Association.

Sultan Abdul Hamid II immediately met the request of the rebels, replaced the prime minister, and ordered the governors of the provinces to protect the teachings.

Thessalonika's Unification and Progress Association immediately sought help from the Chinese Empire.

On the 20th, the Chinese Empire Mediterranean Fleet Marines dispatched a land brigade to land in Turkey on the grounds of protecting Chinese nationals in Turkey, and formed an "action army" with the troops led by Mahmud Sevket Pasha, and arrived in Istanbul on April 23.

With the help of the Chinese Empire's land brigade, the Youth Revolutionary Army controlled the entire city on the 26th and suppressed the rebellion.

On April 27, the young Turks deposed Abdul Hamid II through parliament and appointed his brother Mohamed Reich as the sultan, for Mohamed V.

The deposition of Abdul Hamid II marked the end of the Turkish Revolution. From then on, young Turks began to rule and implemented the ** and centralized policies, resulting in the abandonment of the revolution halfway.

As a meritorious minister, the Chinese Empire restarted negotiations with the Turkish government to lease the Kuwait region and purchase all oil extraction rights in the Iraqi region. Due to the turmoil and uneasy Turkish government, the youth faction would not be able to stand without the support of the Chinese Empire. Moreover, the Austro-Hungarian Empire continued to erode Turkish territory, and the Balkan countries, Italy and Russia and other countries were also eyeing Turkey. At the same time, Turkey's economy was in a downturn, and the new policy required a huge sum of money to maintain the country's survival. So Mohammed V finally signed the Kuwait Lease Treaty and the Middle-Turkey Oil Development Treaty.

On June 3, 1910, the Chinese Empire rented Kuwait's rights for 20 million dragon coins for 99 years and obtained the right to exploit all underground oil in Iraq. As a special administrative region of the Turkish Empire, the Chief Executive must obtain the consent of the Chinese Empire's government. The Chinese Empire can station no more than 3,000 military and police in the concession area. The lease area is implemented in accordance with the laws and regulations formulated by the Chinese Empire, and the Turks need to abide by it unconditionally.

In this way, the Chinese Empire successfully acquired the entire Kuwait, and then built a naval base in the Gulf of Kuwait to control oil extraction and transportation in the Persian Gulf. At the same time, the oil resources in Iraq were all owned by the Chinese Empire, and a large number of oil companies in the Chinese Empire were mined again, transporting crude oil to the country continuously. Since then, the Chinese Empire did not have to worry about oil resources being controlled by the United States, and there was another bargaining chip in the political negotiations with the United States.

In 1910, after the news that the Chinese Empire built the world's most advanced and powerful super-divine bow-type battleship for the Greek Navy reached the Balkans, it finally caused the power in the region to lose balance, with the "Balkan Alliance" composed of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Negoro of the Gate opposing the control and suppression of the Ottoman Empire.

Originally, the super-divine bow-type battleship built by the Chinese Empire for the Greek Navy would not have to serve the Greek Navy two years later. The Greek Navy was not the opponent of the Turkish Navy. However, at this time, a revolution broke out in Turkey, and the new Turkish political control was unstable and the morale of the army was floating.

As a result, the turmoil and uneasy of the Turkish Empire gave the Balkan alliance a chance. After secret consultations, several countries decided to declare war on the Turkish Empire.

The Balkan Peninsula, located between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, has suffered countless war traumas in history. In the early 20th century, the Ottoman Empire, which originated in western Asia, still controlled a large tract of territory of the Balkan countries in southeastern Europe. The Albanian people who had been fighting tenaciously for 400 years have not yet achieved a victory; Serbia, Bulgaria, and Greek people were still subjected to feudal oppression and religious persecution of the Ottoman Empire in Macedonia and Thrace.

In March 1911, Serbia and Bulgaria signed an anti-Turkey alliance treaty. In May, Greece and Bulgaria signed a covenant, and Negoro of the tribe also participated in it in August. This formed four Balkan countries' anti-Turkey alliances and decided to take advantage of the Italian-Turkey war to launch a war against Tibet. However, the European powers were unwilling to let the Balkan people take control of their own destiny, and they each intervened with ambitions of aggression and expansion.

On October 8, 1911, Negoro of the Gate first declared war on the Ottoman Empire. Bao, Sey, and Xi also issued an ultimatum to the Ottoman Empire on the 17th and 18th, demanding that the Turkish army withdraw from the Balkans and grant autonomy to all ethnic groups.

The Ottoman Empire government rejected this request and began to mobilize the army. This constituted a direct statement of the Balkan Union's declaration of war on the land.

On the 18th, Bulgaria, Serbia and Greece also took military actions against Turkey one after another. The Balkan League countries outperformed the Ottoman team in terms of number of troops and weapons quality, especially in the quality of artillery and military combat training. The troops of these countries were highly motivated by the goal of the national liberation struggle. The Bulgarian army formed the main group with three armies in the direction of Istanbul. The main forces of Serbia (three sets).

The army) dealt with the Ottoman army's group in Macedonia. The Fsalian army and the Epirus army in Greece were prepared to deal with the troops of Thessalonika and Yanina respectively. The Greek navy was preparing to take action against the Ottoman navy to ensure the sea control of the allies in the Mediterranean. The mission of the Negoro army was to cooperate with the Serbian army to fight in Macedonia. The Allies formed a siege against the Turkish army and prepared to defeat the enemy before the Ottoman reinforcements arrived.

On October 22, the Negoro army at the gate and the Ibar troops of Serbia jointly attacked the Turkish army in northern Thrace and northern Albania. The Bao army advanced south across the Baotui border. The First and Third Army, located on the right wing of the Baosui group, repelled the upper army. After fighting on the left wing, after repeatedly repelling the Turkish army, defeated the Third Army of the Turkish army near Kilk-Kilice (Lozegrad) from October 22 to 24 and began to advance south. From October 29 to November 3, fierce battles occurred in Lurepurgaz, and the Fourth Army of the Turkish army was defeated. The Turkish army retreated hastily.

On October 24, the Serbian army launched a general attack, and the Turkish army group in Macedonia was crushed. In southern Macedonia, the Greek army won near Yenige on November 1 and 2 and launched an attack on Thessalonika. The city's defenders surrendered on the 9th.

The Greece Navy blocked the exit of the Dardanelles Strait of the Turkish Navy and carried out the battle to seize the islands of the Aegean Sea. On November 28, Albania announced **. However, the several military victories of the Allied forces were not in the interests of some major powers. While supporting the Balkan countries, Russia was also worried that the entry of the defenders to Istanbul would not help resolve the Black Sea Strait problem. Germany and Austro-Hungary believed that Serbia and Greece were on the side of the Allies, so they did not want them to be strong, but regarded Turkey as their potential allies, so they tried their best to prevent the destruction of the Ottoman Empire.

Under the pressure of major powers, in December 1911, the Ottoman Empire signed an armistice agreement with Bulgaria and Serbia.

On January 23, 1912, a coup occurred in the Ottoman Empire, and the New Deal (Youth Turkish Party) refused to accept the conditions for the peace treaty. On February 3, the Balkan Union countries reopened the war. After several consecutive defeats, the Ottoman Empire signed the Second Armistice Agreement in April. The First Balkan War ended with the signing of the London Peace Treaty. According to this treaty, the Ottoman Empire lost almost all its territory in Europe. The desire of the people of the Balkan countries to escape the oppression of the Ottoman Empire was realized.

From June 29 to August 10, 1912, with Bulgaria as one side, Serbia, Greece, Romania, Negoro and the Ottoman Empire fought the Second Balkan War for the other side. It was the result of the intensification of conflicts between the original allies in the First Balkan War. Serbia, which lost the Adriatic estuary, demanded Macedonia to repay the compensation. Greece also hoped to sacrifice Bulgaria (at that time Bulgaria had recovered most of its land) to expand its territory. Romania made a territorial claim against Dobrokar to Bulgaria.

Under the instigation of the Odd Alliance, Bulgaria took military action against the Serbian and Greek troops in Macedonia on the night of June 29, 1912. The attacks of the various armies of the Protective Army were blocked, and the Serbian army counterattacked and broke through the positions of the Fourth Bulgarian Army. The battle continued until July 6, and the Protective Army was forced to retreat.

On the 10th, Romania started war against Bao and encountered no resistance. On the 21st, the Ottoman Empire tore up the London Peace Treaty, fought with Bao's army, and occupied Edirne. Bulgaria announced its surrender on the 29th under the threat of a complete defeat. According to the 1912 Bucharest Peace Treaty, Bulgaria not only lost most of the territory it had recovered, but also lost the southern part of Dobrokar. In 1912, Bao, the Peace Treaty of Constantinople signed by Turkish Turkish forces Bulgaria to return Edirne.

The result of the Second Balkan War was the reorganization of the Balkans: Romania broke away from the Three Kingdoms Alliance in 1882, and was close to the Allies, and Bulgaria joined the German-Austrian alliance. The Kingdom of Serbia in Yugoslavia was like a thorn plunging into Austria, almost doubled its territory. In the summer of 1912, Austria secretly suggested to its allies to take some measures to suppress Serbia. However, Germany and Italy refused to take action. These all became aggravated regional conflicts.

The Balkan War led to the further intensification of international contradictions and accelerated the outbreak of World War I. The contradictions between the Balkan countries further deepened after the war, providing an opportunity for imperialist powers to continue to interfere and control the Balkans, and laid the fuse for the imperialist world war. After the Balkan War, various imperialist countries stepped up arms races, recruited a large number of soldiers, developed and produced various new weapons, and the military expenditure increased significantly.

On the eve of World War I, the budget for Germany and Austria reached 14 billion marks, and the budget for the agreement reached 4.76 billion marks. The two major military groups each held military meetings to discuss and formulate combat plans and try to take the initiative. The Chief of Staff of the German General Staff Moltch once said: "We are ready. For us, the faster the war, the better." The war is about to break out.

During the Balkan War, the Chinese Empire had always been strictly neutral. The naval base in Cyprus became a distribution center for exporting arms to various countries in the Balkan War. During the Balkan War, the Chinese Empire exported weapons and equipment to both sides of the war and made great money in the war.

The two conflicts in the Balkans worsened the already tense situation and made the Balkan powder keg, which had long been restless. In 1908, the Austro-Hungarian Empire believed that the revolution broke out in Turkey was an opportunity, and took the opportunity to annex Persia to Asia and Herzego. This caused strong dissatisfaction between Serbia, which regarded these two places as its own territory and Russia behind Serbia. The Tsarist government forced war. But Berlin and Vienna showed high consistency on this issue. Germany submitted an extremely tough statement to Russia to express its support for Austro-Hungary. On the same day, some of the Austro-Hungarian troops entered a "state of emergency" and finally Russia retreated. This result not only made Serbia angry, but also vowed not to be humiliated.

The military expenditure of the Allies at this time was far inferior to that of the Allies. Russia and Britain were both severely damaged by the Chinese Empire. They could not relieve themselves in a short period of time, and France could not compete with Germany at all. Therefore, the Allies could only adopt sinister measures, that is, to disagree and disintegrate the Allies' group.

Since Germany and Austria are hard-core relationships, the Allies could not disagree and had to take action against Italy.

At the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries, the competition for North Africa by European powers became increasingly fierce. Italy attempted to seize the terrestrial Tripolitania and Cyrenaga (now Libya) as a base for its expansion in North Africa.
To be continued...