Chapter 310 The outbreak of the Australian Civil War
The three years of friendship between China and Germany made Britain very dissatisfied. As a result, the Chinese Empire suddenly earned nearly $1.6 billion in military purchase orders from the pockets of Germany, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Italy, Turkey, and other countries' military forces, which greatly stung Britain.
The order for military purchases of US$1.6 billion is equivalent to one-seventh of the world's GDP in 1904, 24% of the world's arms trade volume, and fifteen times the UK's arms trade volume.
The British are both envious and jealous. Such a huge military purchase order is worthy of being jealous.
What made Britain angry was that the arms exports of the Chinese Empire snatched more than half of Britain's traditional arms customers, and what made the British even more angry was that the Chinese Empire actually exported high-tech weapons and equipment to Germany, Italy and Austro-Hungary. These three countries were all targets that Britain prohibited exports. The technology transferred by Britain to the Chinese Empire flowed into the allies from then on, which was the most unbearable thing for Britain.
The British government gave the Chinese Empire's ambassador to the UK dozens of times in six months, and the British Ambassador to China even met with officials of the Chinese Empire's Foreign Ministry hundreds of times. The diplomats of the two countries quarreled almost every day, and their arguments were red and sometimes even swearing, and they almost started a fight.
Sino-UK relations took a sharp turn and Britain stopped exporting high-tech and equipment to the Chinese Empire. However, the Chinese Empire had improved various industrial construction at this time. The high-tech and equipment of Britain were no longer a secret to the Chinese Empire. On the other hand, the high-tech and equipment of the Chinese Empire were not available to the Chinese Empire. Therefore, the Chinese Empire subsequently terminated various technical cooperation with the UK, including joint development of steam turbines, hunting ships and other projects. Since steam turbine technology and patents were in the hands of the Chinese Empire, Britain began to pay high patent fees to the Chinese Empire. At the same time, there were radio technology, internal combustion engine power technology, alternating current patents, including warships, submarines, aircraft, airships, automobiles, and civilian enterprises. The British military and private enterprises had to pay high patent usage fees.
To this end, the British government notified the military that it would no longer pay various patent fees to the Chinese Empire as a punishment for the Chinese Empire's export of high-tech equipment to Germany and other countries.
For this reason, the Chinese Empire lost a large amount of technical patent fees in the UK every year, and the relationship between the Chinese Empire and the British Empire became increasingly cold.
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Chinese Empire temporarily tolerated the arrogance of Britain. The General Staff of the Empire, on the one hand, formulated a plan for combat against Britain in the next few years, and on the other hand, they did not want the British to calm down. They decided to secretly support and arm the rebels in the British colonies and cause trouble for Britain.
Because the tension in Sino-British relations has intensified, the Tsarist Russian Empire originally wanted to withdraw from Afghanistan and Bōs region to avoid confrontation with Britain, because Russia could not fight against the alliance between China and Britain. However, now China and Britain have not signed an alliance treaty again, and it has turned against each other because of territorial disputes, so the Tsarist Russian Empire did not want to withdraw from Afghanistan and Bōs.
The reason why Russia dares to confront Britain is mainly because Tsarist Russia still has more than one million troops and does not care about the British army's strength at all. In the Afghanistan region, Tsarist Russia has a great influence on Afghanistan. In terms of inland combat, Tsarist Russia is not afraid of Britain.
Therefore, Tsarist Russia continued to support the Afghan Zahir dynasty against Britain.
Afghanistan is a landlocked country in central Asia with an area of about 652,300 square kilometers. Afghanistan is located in the heart of the Eurasian continent. It is not only a key link between the Eurasian continent and the Middle East, but also a must-pass place for major powers to enter and exit east and west, and go south and north. It borders the Russian Empire in the north, borders the Chinese Empire in the north, and borders the Bōs Empire in the east and southeast, and borders the Bōs Empire in the west.
In 1747, Ahmed, chief of Abudari, Afghanistan, independently established the Kingdom of Afghanistan during the decline of Bōs, making the unified Afghan state officially formed. After two dynasties, Abudarid (17471826) and Barakzai (19261973), respectively.
1842, Britain launched the first war to invade Afghanistan, but suffered a crushing defeat. 1879
In 1880, Britain launched a second war to invade Afghanistan, forcing Afghanistan to sign the Gandamak Treaty. Afghanistan lost its diplomatic rights and became a vassal of Britain. However, due to Russia's strong opposition, Britain was unable to annex Afghanistan.
For the Chinese Empire, Afghanistan was once a vassal state of the Chinese Empire as early as the Tang Empire and the ancient Méng Empire. Now, in order to deal with Britain, the Chinese Empire intervened in Afghanistan affairs was one of the means.
In March of Guanghuakou, the Chinese Empire established consular diplomatic relations with the Afghanistan State. As Britain seized the diplomatic rights of Afghanistan, the Chinese Empire's move abandoned the obstruction of the British authorities, which made the British government very angry.
King Zahir III of Afghanistan was very excited about this. He thought that after Russia was defeated by the Chinese Empire, Britain would annex the Afghanistan State. For this reason, he cursed the Chinese Empire. Now that he has received help from the Chinese Empire, he burst into tears.
On March 12, Major Pang Wenbin, Consul, the Special Envoy of the Chinese Empire to Afghanistan, signed the Sino-Arab Military Exchange and Mutual Assistance Treaty and the Helmand Borrowing Contract with the Afghanistan General Horst.
The first treaty was that the Chinese Empire helped the Afghan government forces to form five mountain divisions, which were sent by the Chinese Empire to coach. All the five mountain divisions were equipped with Chinese equipment and trained in accordance with the training regulations of the Chinese Empire's Army. The second treaty was that because the Afghan government was poor, he could not provide funds for the five Chinese divisions for a while. For this reason, the Chinese Empire borrowed 8 million dragon coins from Afghanistan, which was guaranteed by mines and tariffs in Afghanistan, with an annual interest of 2 cents and paid off in ten years.
After the signing of the treaty, the Afghanistan State was filled with joy. They all knew the strength of the Imperial Army. The Chinese Empire government assured the Afghanistan State that the five mountain divisions were trained for half a year to defeat the British invading army, and this move immediately stabbed the British government.
The British government immediately filed a solemn protest against the Chinese Empire, but the Chinese government ignored the British on the grounds of maintaining peace in the Afghanistan.
Afghanistan is the hub connecting Africa and India. Britain has invaded Afghanistan twice in order to open up the Afghan corridor and did not hesitate to conflict with Russia. This shows the British's importance to Afghanistan.
After learning that the Chinese Empire helped the Afghanistan State train its troops, the British authorities immediately put pressure on the Afghan king and threatened with war.
The Afghan king was backed by the Fenghua Empire and Russia also expressed his support for the Afghan government. As a result, the Afghan king suddenly became hard and directly rejected the British threat of war.
On May 3, 1904, Britain drew 30,000 troops from India and set out from Islamabad to attack the Jalalabad region in eastern Afghanistan.
Afghanistan's national protection general Horst led 20,000 National Army to fight with the British army for three days on the Amu River, but was defeated. The British army continued to advance and arrived in Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan on the 9th.
The Chinese Empire helped the five mountain divisions trained in Afghanistan to only complete two months of training, and because of the long journey, they only received equipment from one division.
The Afghan king couldn't wait and immediately ordered the First Mountain Division to join the battle.
On the 11th, under the command of Horst, the First Mountain Division fought with the British army on the Helmand River. The British still used ancient linear tactics, and the two sides fought for troops and firepower.
Under such circumstances, the Afghan First Mountain Division, with the advanced Chinese weapons and equipment in their hands, actually suppressed the British firepower and stopped the British offensive.
The two sides suddenly became evenly matched, which was a shame for the British army and the Afghan army for the first time.
As a result, the two sides launched a fierce stalemate on both sides of the Helmand River. The British army was unable to advance and the Afghan army did not retreat.
The British authorities were shocked. The Chinese Empire had only helped the Afghan army train for less than two months, which had greatly improved the combat effectiveness of the Afghan army. In fact, the British army overestimated the training ability of the Chinese Empire's teaching characters. In the past two months, the Chinese instructors only taught some basic queue training and shooting, and had not had time to teach tactics.
The Afghan army has always thought that the Chinese Imperial Army was extremely powerful, and what they taught would definitely defeat the British army, so the Afghan army was fought with spirit. However, the British also used outdated line tactics to fight, so both sides did not have to consider tactical issues at all, but all depended on the number of people, equipment and spirit. Obviously, this gave the Afghan army the advantage.
The British and Indian authorities did not see the key, thinking that it was all the contributions of the Chinese Empire, so the Indian governor immediately dispatched troops from all over India and transferred them to Afghanistan to participate in the war.
The second batch of British reinforcements was assembled two months later and arrived at the front line only after the third month. At this time, the instructors of the Chinese Empire had urgently trained the remaining four Afghan mountain divisions and had initially equipped them with combat capabilities. At the same time, the Lanzhou Military Region of the Chinese Empire urgently transported the weapons and equipment of the four divisions garrisoned in Tibet and Xinjiang to Afghanistan and equipped them to the Afghan National Army.
In this way, the Afghan army with five Chinese-Armed Mountain Divisions had a total force of 100,000 people and fought with 120,000 British troops. Large-scale battles broke out between the two sides on both sides of the Helmand River, and the battle began from 1904
August 2005 continued until the summer of 1905. After the Helmand River Battle, which took more than a year, the Afghan army gradually learned to raid raids with the guidance and help of the officers of the Imperial Chinese Army. The British army eventually paid a heavy price and were forced to retreat.
In July 1905, the Afghan army completely drove the British out of Afghanistan. After the last battle in the Amu River, the British army retreated to India, and the Afghan army also gave up the pursuit due to financial shortage.
In this way, the Afghanistan State got rid of the British vassal rule, but because the war consumed a lot of national strength, especially the use of Chinese equipment was too expensive. Therefore, the Afghanistan State owed the Chinese Empire 30 million dragon coins of weapons and ammunition fees. Although it gained political independence, it was economically controlled by the Chinese Empire. Military, the Afghan military relied heavily on and worshiped the Chinese Empire and was also controlled by the Chinese Empire in disguise.
The game between China and Britain in Afghanistan is only one of them. As the conflict between China and Britain deepens, the Chinese Empire also supported Bamo in British Myanmar. Taking advantage of the outbreak of the Third British-Arab War, Britain drew a large number of troops from India, causing the fact that the British army in Myanmar was weak. With the secret support of the Chinese Empire, Bamo formed a 10,000-man guerrilla team, using weapons and equipment provided by the Chinese Empire, and opened dozens of guerrilla areas in Myanmar's border area near Yunnan Province of the Chinese Empire. With the help of mountains and forests, they attacked the British army everywhere, causing heavy blows to the British army.
At the same time, a group of generals and officers under Bamer also secretly sneaked into the Kunming area of Yunnan Province of the Chinese Empire, where they received systematic military training from the Chinese Empire military.
A year later, the group of officers and soldiers returned to Myanmar, quickly supporting the Myanmar guerrillas, and gradually liberated a large area of northeastern Myanmar.
In April 1905, the Myanmar military government was established, and Bamer was the general manager, officially confronting the British-controlled Yangon government. The two sides continued to engage in large-scale wars, but they could not eat each other, which turned into a protracted war, which greatly restricted the British army's financial, material and manpower.
In India, the Chinese Empire government supported Lakshmi and General Bayi's return, gathered the leaders of Islamic and Hindu churches in India, took advantage of the non-violent non-cooperation promoted by Gandhi to take the opportunity to gather anti-British people. With the secret help of the Chinese Empire, they quickly expanded from hundreds of people to tens of thousands of people at the beginning, and successively obtained weapons and equipment provided by the Chinese Empire, and began to establish guerrilla areas in northern India near Tibet, near the Chinese Empire, and attacked the British army everywhere.
In Singapore, as the number one fortress in the Far East of Britain, Singapore is the lifeblood of Britain. The Chinese Empire used the Chinese and overseas Chinese in Singapore to constantly steal British military intelligence. The number, model, and distribution of warships that the UK wanted to send in the Far East were accurately delivered to Beijing, providing a reference for the Chinese Empire to further evaluate the British military.
In Hong Kong, the Chinese Empire contacted the local Chinese in Hong Kong and clearly understood the strength and deployment of the British army and navy stationed in Hong Kong. Once a war broke out, the Chinese Navy and Army could quickly grasp the movements and positions of the British army and dealt a severe blow.
In the border areas of Tibet and Yunnan, the Chinese Empire used Indian and Myanmar guerrillas to attack and eliminate local British troops and regained land annexed by Britain. At the same time, it distributed guns and ammunition to the people on the border, so that they had the ability to defend themselves. Once the British army was found to have looted across the border, they could fight back in defense.
On May 3, 1905, a small British force invaded the Xishuangbanna area in Yunnan. They planned to plunder the Chinese civilians in Xishuangbanna under the banner of extermination of Myanmar guerrillas.
As a result, since the government issued them guns and ammunition, the people of Xishuangbanna spontaneously organized militia companies. When the British army entered, they still wanted to loot the Chinese people like before and searched them from house to house. As a result, they failed this time, and the British army scattered into every household were immediately shot and killed by local people.
The British army suffered heavy losses, and an infantry company was killed in less than half an hour. The British army immediately withdrew from Xishuangbanna, and soon another gang was gathered to prepare for revenge.
The militia in Xishuangbanna naturally could not defeat the regular army and quickly lost and retreated. At the time of the crisis, the 19th Brigade of the National Guard stationed in Yunnan came for inquiries, quickly blocked the British army's offensive and drove the British army out.
The next day, the Chinese Empire government filed a solemn protest against the British government, with extremely strict words. The British government denied it and said that the British army was pursuing the Burmese guerrillas, saying that citizens of the Chinese Empire hid guerrillas, but instead asked the Chinese Empire to explain.
The two countries were in a very difficult situation. After a big quarrel between the two foreign ministries, they both demanded that the other party be responsible for all the consequences of the matter.
After the Xishuangbanna incident, China and Britain lowered their diplomatic ranks from the current ambassador-level diplomacy to the minister-level.
In Australia, the Chinese Empire immigrated to Australia on a large scale, and many of the past were officers and soldiers retired from the Sino-Russian War. They entered Australia to work, which changed the proportion of Australia's population component, and on the other hand, they would lead the Australian Chinese to rebel if necessary.
The Chinese Empire's immigration operations against Australia have been underway for many years, and by 1905
At that time, the Chinese Empire accelerated its immigration speed, and the three states in western and northern Australia were Chinese immigrants, and the Chinese population quickly rose to 40% from the oldest.
Because Australia is vast and wealthy, white people mainly live in coastal plains in the east and southeastern areas, and they are not interested in the western and northern mountains, which has caused the Australian government to not restrict immigration to the Chinese Empire. Although the British authorities have warned the Australian government many times, Australian government officials will immediately become soft whenever they see the huge kickbacks given to him by the Chinese, and they can't stop them, so they have not restricted Chinese immigration for a long time.
At this time, the Chinese Empire had established more than a dozen large-scale cities in western and northern Australia. In addition to mining sodium ore, a series of iron ore, copper ore, diamond ore, gold ore and other mines were successively established, but it has been kept confidential to the outside world. The Australian government only knows sodium ore, but it is not clear about anything else. The Australian Northern Territory MP Mahill, who is responsible for supervision, only collects red envelopes during festivals and has never checked it.
In August 1905, Australia held its second parliamentary election and prepared to elect Australia's new general.
However, at the end of July, in the six Australian states, South Australia,
Voting results for the Northern Territory and Western Australia states show that the seats in the three states are occupied by Chinese-Australians. Although the governor chose white people, the state legislature is actually controlled by Chinese.
In the August parliamentary election, an unknown Democratic Party won the general election suddenly, while the main members of the Democratic Party were all Chinese. Although the Democratic Party elected a white Australian Chavez as the candidate for general manager, the Australian Labor Party, Liberal Party, and National immediately raised serious concerns. They believed that Chavez had become a lackey of Chinese and could not be elected as general manager. Moreover, several Australian parties believed that parliamentary seats were unfairly distributed according to population, because there were too many Chinese immigrants from China and had occupied half of the seats and were robbing the rights of white people.
The Australian Labor Party first took the lead and refused to recognize the results of the parliamentary elections and refused to recognize Chavez as general manager.
The Australian government election suddenly shocked Australia. Many Australians in the east played a sign to protest against Chinese occupying parliamentary seats and demanded the expulsion of Chinese from parliament.
In August, large-scale protests continued to expand, and British Australians in the east put out slogans to expel all Chinese people. This move immediately aroused strong dissatisfaction among Chinese people in the west. A series of conflicts broke out between the two sides, and casualties occurred one after another.
As the incident expanded, the Australian police and the army gradually stood on the side of the British, and the situation began to be detrimental to the immigrants of Chinese overseas Chinese in the west.
Starting from August 1998, the Chinese Empire government sent a note to Australia, raised solemn concerns, demanding that Australia reasonably treat the rights of Chinese people in Australia in accordance with the constitutional requirements. It also issued a threat saying that if the Australian military and police tried to suppress the Chinese overseas in Australia by force, the Chinese Empire would not sit idly by and take action, and all consequences would be borne by the Australian government.
The Australian government was immediately scared and immediately restrained the military and police and did not hurt the Chinese community.
However, in six Australian states, Chinese occupied three states and British occupied three states. The two sides were evenly matched, and the situation continued to stalemate.
The unrest in Australia naturally attracted the attention of the British Empire. The British Empire was angry at the Chinese Empire's threat to the Australian government. At least it was still the suzerain of Australia, and the big dog had to look at the owner.
The British government immediately made solemn representations to the Chinese Empire, demanding that the Chinese Empire not interfere in Australian government affairs. At the same time, the British government supported the Australian Labor Party and asked him to take action.
On September 15, the Australian Labor Party abandoned the Democratic Party and elected Labor Leader Adams as Australia's General Secretary.
On the same day, the Democratic Party refused to recognize Adams's position as general manager, but instead elected Holmes as general manager.
Both sides elected the General Manager and took office separately. Their discontent between the two sides led to the sudden transformation of conflicts.
On the 17th, Adams declared Holmes illegal and declared that the parliamentary elections in the Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia were illegal. He also organized the military and police of the East Three states to form an army of more than 30,000 people to prepare to march to the western states and eliminate the Democratic Party in one fell swoop.
On the 18th, the Democratic Party was not outdone. With the secret support of the Chinese Empire, the Democratic Party leader Holmes announced that parliamentary elections in Queensland, Wales and Victoria were also illegal. At the same time, the Western Army was organized in the Western Three States, with a total force of more than 50,000 people, preparing to resist the attack of the Eastern Army.
Chapter completed!