Chapter 268 Two-year alliance
The summer of 1900 soon arrived, and as the two largest countries in the northern hemisphere, tensions between the Chinese Empire and the Tsarist Russian Empire were also heating up.
This year, politicians and military strategists from all over the world have turned their attention to the escalating border friction between China and Russia.
Russia's Siberian Railway Project spans two nodes east and west of Eurasia. Its scale is so large that it has always been regarded by European and American powers as a symbol of Russia's expansion to the Far East. In the various lobbying of the European and American powers, Tsarist Russia mainly exaggerates the Yellow Peril theory and the "China threat theory", and its purpose is to create an international public opinion advantage necessary for China to go to war.
Although Russia has a poor popularity in the European continent, countries in the European continent have taken the powerful deterrent power of Russia's millions of troops, and the white European world is unwilling to see the rise of the Oriental Yellows. Previously, in order to consume Russia's national strength, European countries have been secretly supporting the Ottoman Turkish Empire to fight against Russia, and have used the Ottoman Empire to successfully consume Russia's national strength for centuries.
Nowadays, for the purpose of luring Russia into the east, European continental countries re-engage China and Russia to start a war and take the opportunity to consume Russia's national strength to reduce Russia's threat to the European continent and consume China's national strength. In this way, European powers can make a comeback and eventually re-include China in their colonial market.
It can be said that the European powers did not have a good intention.
g On 18th, Russian Tsar Nicholas II visited Paris. The two sides further signed a series of secret agreements under si, including further strengthening the military alliance with France, expanding the Russian-French alliance from Europe to Asia, and maintaining a consistent position on the issue of China. The French government agreed to restrain the alliance teams on the German-France border and ease the military pressure of the allies on Russia.
During the visit of the Russian emperor in France, the French government exempted part of Russia's due debts. At the same time, the French government once again borrowed 500 million francs from Russia, equivalent to 20 million British list, and encouraged French citizens to purchase Russian national debts. Some large French capitalists were rumored, and the French government and Russia assured them that investing in Russian national debt would be a huge profit. Some speculators, bankers and a large number of French people who believed that China would lose in the Sino-Russian War were all purchased Russian national debts.
Soon after Nicholas II's visit to Paris, Russia received war bonds from the French government and the French business community of 30 million.
Subsequently, Nicholas II visited Berlin, Germany and met with his cousin, German Emperor William II. The two sides also reached a series of agreements, such as Russia promised to reduce the number of troops stationed in the border areas of Germany and Austro-Hungary and reduce the deployment of heavy weapons.
In its position towards China, Russia requires that German colonies in the Far East can provide coal supplies to the Russian navy during wartime.
At this time, Germany turned its attention to the sea to regard Britain as a strong enemy, so the relationship between Germany and Russia has been greatly eased compared to before. In particular, Russia promised to reduce its troops in the Bolan area and reduce its heavy weapons, which made Germany very happy. Because the Russian army on the Bolan border is only 180 miles away from Berlin. The main reason why Germany regards Russia as its enemy is that once the Russian army wins a battle in the East Prussia region, it may approach Berlin. Now, in order to launch an offensive in the Far East, it is a great thing for Germany to reduce its troops in the Bolan area.
In return, German Emperor William II agreed to Nicholas II's proposal. In return, German Emperor William II said that German overseas territories could provide supplies to the Russian navy, and at the same time, the German Imperial Bank borrowed 20 million British list to Russia as Russia's war national debt.
In this way, when Nicholas II returned to Moscow, he had already raised 50 million British war funds for Russia, and strengthened his military alliance with France, as well as stabilized his relations with Germany and the Allied Group. In particular, the latter allied countries restrained a large number of Russian troops on the Russian border. After improving relations, the Russian army could draw 800,000 elite troops from Europe to the Far East.
In Eastern Europe and West Asia, the biggest enemy of the Tsarist Russian government was the Ottoman Turkish Empire.
However, in one year, the Ottoman Empire broke out in a massacre against the Armenians. After being isolated internationally, the Ottoman Empire fell into a crisis of international losses and could not extricate itself. The Ottoman Empire broke out in the Ottoman Empire and continued to oppose the dictatorship of Emperor Abdul and Hamid II. Abdul and Hamid II successively dismissed the prime minister, dissolved the parliament, suppressed public opinion, and made the empire unrest.
In this case, the Ottoman Empire was not able to threaten the country, so the Russian Army Department believed that 200,000 elite troops could be drawn from West Asia to the Far East.
In this way, after a series of plans, the Russian Army Department of Tsarist Russia can eventually draw one million troops from Europe and West Asia to the Far East. With the addition of 500,000 troops in the Far East and 300,000 troops in Central Asia, Tsarist Russia can mobilize 1.8 million troops to participate in the battle against China.
The wartime military mobilization plan of the Tsarist Russian Army was quickly approved by Nicholas II, and the Finance and Transport Minister Vitwit was ordered to use 50 million British national debts to speed up the production of ordnance and reserve ammunition, food, medicine and other strategic materials.
Through a series of actions, the Tsarist Russian Empire successively solved sensitive issues such as diplomatic, financial, and military mobilization that were concerned about initiating wars. It was actively preparing and waiting for the completion of the Siberian Railway.
Not fighting unprepared wars is also the determined national policy that Wang Chenhao has always pursued.
Faced with the frequent actions of the Tsarist Russian Empire, the Chinese Empire Minister of Foreign Affairs, Tang Shaoyi, visited Britain, France, Germany and the United States in accordance with the will of Wang Chenhao, and took heavy blows in diplomacy to respond to the Tsarist Russian diplomatic offensive.
In response to the military alliance between Tsarist Russia and France, Tang Shaoyi's first purpose in visiting Britain was to promote the military alliance between the Chinese Empire and Britain in order to restrain the French-Russian alliance.
After Tang Shaoyi arrived in London, he successively joined the fifth Marquis of Lance Dorn, the British Foreign Minister, and
The Minister of Navy and Marshal Sir Frederi Kelian Richards and other major British officials met to discuss and negotiate the feasibility of establishing a military alliance between China and Britain.
The British government believes that the Russian-French military alliance treaty may have a chain effect in future Sino-Russia military conflicts and wars, and France may intervene in the Sino-Russia war. For the strategic purpose of confronting France and Russia, Lancedon, as the British Foreign Secretary, agreed in principle with the Chinese Empire's hope to establish a Sino-British military alliance.
Subsequently, after talking to Tang Shaoyi, the British Navy Minister Marshal Frederick, who was promoted to Navy Marshal, believed that the Chinese Empire's naval power was not enough to cope with the threat of the unity of the Tsarist Russian Empire and the French Navy. He said in the report of the Navy Committee and the House of Lords 1
At present, Britain's biggest enemy is still France and Russia, and it is united and supported the Chinese Empire to jointly deal with the Russian-French Agreement in line with the current British national policy and national strategy.
More than half of the British House of Lords were persuaded to support China-UK forming a military alliance and use China to deal with Russia and France in the Far East.
However, some members of the British House of Lords have different opinions on the Sino-British alliance issue. Some members still pursue the traditional glorious isolation policy, and Britain should not be involved in the war of the Allied Powers. Some members of the MP believe that China is developing too fast. Once China and Britain form an alliance, China will still benefit, and Britain will therefore cultivate a future powerful enemy similar to the United States.
The British Parliament thus had different opinions, and the issue of alliance was dragged down again and again. In this case, Tang Shaoyi was not discouraged. In the subsequent talks with British Prime Minister Salisbury, Tang Shaoyi gave examples to prove that the Chinese Empire would not become the enemy of Britain, but would be a good helper to Britain. For example, the Chinese Empire could block and weaken Tsarist Russia's expansion in the Far East, and attack Russia with Britain on the issue of Central Asia and Afghanistan. In Southeast Asia, with Britain to suppress France's colonial expansion. On the issue of South Africa, the Chinese Empire could provide the British Empire with urgently needed food, medicine and international public opinion support, and even send naval hospital ships to help the British army treat the wounded and sick.
After a series of promises, Tang Shao ordered that the Russian-French military alliance pose a huge threat to the Chinese Empire. Once Russia and France launch an attack from north and south at the same time, the existing military and financial resources of the Chinese Empire are not enough to resist their attack.
Tang Shaoyi deliberately showed weakness in military affairs, saying that the Chinese Empire was still a poor agricultural country. It was already the limit to support the existing million troops, and it was still barely enough to deal with the Tsarist Russian Empire. Once France joined the war, the Chinese Empire's team may last for less than three months. At that time, Britain's interests in China will not be guaranteed, and Russia and France will not give Britain any benefits to the division of China.
Tang Shaoyi's weakness made Salisbury feel at ease with China, and at the same time he also understood that if France and Russia go to war against China at the same time, the Chinese Empire's chances of victory were very low. Since France and Russia are both enemies of Britain, Salisbury knew that once France and Russia win, their interests in China would be exclusively occupied by France and Russia.
In the end, Salisbury was persuaded by Tang Shaoyi. In the next three days, Salisbury convinced other opposition members of the British Parliament and finally agreed to form a military alliance with the Chinese Empire.
Although the British Parliament reluctantly agreed to form an alliance with the Chinese Empire, the British government was still very wary of the Chinese Empire. At that time, Wang Chenhao's Beiyang government abolished most unequal treaties and even severely hit Britain on the opium issue, causing great damage to Britain's interests in China. This impact caused the British government to be very unhappy. Many British hawks hope that after the Chinese Empire and Russia both suffered losses, the British influence would return to China and re-incorporate China into the British colonial market system.
Therefore, the British government made a compromise decision, that is, it agreed to form a military alliance with the Chinese Empire, but for the sake of Britain's own interests, the alliance lasted only two years.
The British government made this decision mainly to judge that the war between China and Russia will break out in the next two years. Britain only needs to prevent France from intervening in the war, which can cause both China and Russia to lose both sides. The British government believes that the war between China and Russia will not last too long, and two years is enough.
Tang Shaoyi felt a little disappointed about this result, but when Wang Chenhao learned about it, he was overjoyed. Wang Chenhao knew that in order to help Japan fight against Russia and to prevent France from intervening in the war, Britain only formed a five-year alliance with Japan and Japan. At that time, Britain also did not want to give Japan too much support to prevent Japan from becoming bigger. Because it was only two years of alliance, Japan and Japan fought with Russia for more than a year, when Japan and Japan won a great military victory, Britain did not renew the contract, which made Japan and Japan afraid that it would continue to fight beyond the alliance period. After losing the British-Japanese alliance, France would be likely to join the war. Therefore, Japan and Japan accepted mediation to end the war.
Back then, the British used their five-year alliance to restrain Japan and prevent Russia from being overly weakened and made Japan bigger. This policy of Britain stopped Russia's eastward expansion and Japan's expansion.
Nowadays, the British naturally adopt this strategy against China. However, the Chinese Empire is far stronger than Japan, so the British are afraid that five years will not be able to control China, so it is limited to two years. Of course, if China and Russia do not go to war within two years, then Britain will extend it for another two years, and so on.
Wang Chenhao then telegraphed Tang Shaoyi that he had won a great victory in the two-year military alliance, and that he made great contributions, which made Tang Shaoyi feel better.
After receiving the decree of Wang Chenhao, Tang Shaoyi, on behalf of the Chinese Empire and the British Government, signed the Treaty of the "Treaty of the Chinese Empire and Great Britain and Ireland, United Kingdom United Kings, in London, England," stipulated that both parties recognize each other's right to protect their respective interests around the world. When one party fights against a third country to protect their own interests, the other party should strictly adhere to neutrality: if one party is attacked by two or more countries, the other party should provide military assistance and fight together. The treaty is valid for 2 years.
The secret clause also stipulates that the navies of the two countries should cooperate in their operations to maintain their superiority in the Far East waters.
The Sino-British alliance is a military offensive and defensive alliance against Russia.
After the establishment of the Sino-British alliance, the Chinese-British alliance immediately aroused strong reaction from Europe and the United States. Russia and France were the first to bear the brunt. Russia was originally not as powerful as the Chinese navy in the Far East. If the British navy intervened, the Russian navy's strategic idea of maintaining a tranquil situation will face failure. For France, the purpose of the Sino-British alliance was clearly to prevent the French from intervening in the Sino-Russian War. Originally, the French government also planned to quietly get a piece of the pie in the south of China during the Sino-Russian War, or coerce China to sign some treaties to give benefits to France in exchange for France not to participate in the war. But now after the Sino-British alliance was established, China is not afraid of French military threats.
The French government no longer made a clear statement in the subsequent French-Russian dialogue, which made the Russian side very annoyed. Nicholas II was furious about this and vowed that he would let the British who liked to meddle in the future eat shit.
In the following week, Tang Shaoyi visited France and Germany one after another and started dialogue and negotiations with Germany and France. Tang Shaoyi's purpose was nothing more than to keep these two European powers neutral in the future Sino-Russia conflict and not help each other. Due to the establishment of the Sino-British alliance, France will naturally no longer clamor to intervene.
However, Germany did not buy it. At this time, Germany and Britain had a very unhappy relationship on the South Africa issue. After seeing the alliance between China and Britain, Germany was very unhappy. Therefore, the German government still stated that it would provide the Russian navy with the best of its ability to help Tang Shaoyi's request. However, the German government denied that it would intervene in the Sino-Russian conflict because Germany was also afraid of Britain's powerful maritime power.
After Tang Shaoyi ended his European visit, he then went to the United States. Although the US government had a very unhappy relationship with the Chinese Empire on the Panama issue, the two countries maintained close cooperation on the Philippines. More than 200,000 US troops fought in the Philippines and needed to rely on the support of the industrial base in the Pearl River Delta of the Chinese Empire. The US military's ammunition, food, medicine, coal and other supplies imported from China can save one-third of the cost compared to transporting from the local area, and the total cost saving is as high as 200 million US dollars. The US-Philippines War has been fighting for almost three years and the Philippine military has not yet been eliminated. Therefore, the US Department of Defense still has to rely on China on the premise that it is uncertain when the US-Philippines War will end.
Of course, Wang Chenhao did not think that the United States would support Russia. He asked Tang Shaoyi to visit the United States just to take the opportunity. Because Wang Chenhao hoped that Tang Shaoyi would go to the United States to transport the gold reserved by the Bank of America back to China, Wang Chenhao prepared to move the headquarters of the Bank of America to Shanghai.
Wang Chenhao's gold reserves of Bank of America have reached 6,000 tons, of which 3,400 tons are reserved in Tianjin, most of which are the gold of the Imperial Bank, that is, the national gold reserves of the Chinese Empire. After Wang Chenhao became emperor, he decided to separate his personal assets from the national assets, so most of the gold reserves in Tianjin will be transported back to the Imperial Bank of Beijing. Wang Chenhao's gold reserves in New York reached 2,400 tons. Wang Chenhao felt it was unsafe to put them in the United States, so he transported the gold back to the domestic store.
In addition, Tang Shaoyi has another task, which is to continue to enclose land in the United States.
Since Wang Chenhao last captured land to sell oil in East Texas, the Americans have frantically entered Texas and looked for oil everywhere. The price of Wang Chenhao's oil shares in the Rockefeller Consortium has risen to 200 million US dollars. Considering that the Rockefeller Consortium is about to face antitrust law sanctions from the US government, Rockefeller Trust will be split and the stock price will plummet. So Wang Chenhao ordered Tang Shaoyi to sell the shares he held first and buy them again when the Rockefeller Consortium's stock falls to the bottom a few years later, so that Wang Chenhao can make tens of millions of dollars more from it.
After Tang Shaoyi arrived in the United States, he quickly met with Rockefeller Jr. and sold the $200 million shares held by Wang Chenhao. At this time, Rockefeller Oil's stock was still rising, and no one knew that Rockefeller Oil's stock would plummet, including Rockefeller Jr.
Rockefeller Jr. asked Tang Shaoyi why Wang Chenhao wanted to sell his stocks. Tang Shaoyi said that the Chinese Empire was facing a war threat from Russia, so as the emperor of the empire, Wang Chenhao needed money.
Chapter completed!