Adel's aircraft uses gasoline engines developed by the Power Laboratory, and the Power Laboratory also has an oil production engine project, and his person in charge is Rudolph Diceell.

This historically magnificent man understood the world's first practical diesel-powered compressed-ignition motor in 1892. This motivation has high power, low fuel consumption, and can use inferior fuel. Due to the tight funding, it was not until 1897 that he could successfully develop a practical four-stroke diesel engine. However, without a commercial acumen, he soon went bankrupt and committed suicide in 1913.

Also during Wang Chenhao's trip to Europe, Diesel was one of them. After employed by Wang Chenhao's Beiyang Technology, with Wang Chenhao's strong financial support, Diesel quickly built a practical four-stroke diesel engine with strong output power and fuel-efficient. However, due to its large size, it cannot be installed on cars and aircraft, but it can be installed on Holland's submarines and Ford's newly designed military trucks.

The diesel engine has a strong output power and does not pick up fuel. It is extremely beneficial for large load-load tools, and its military value is much better than that of gasoline engines.

When Diesel's four-stroke diesel engine was successfully developed, Wang Chenhao immediately asked the next commercial submarine studied by Holland and Lake to cancel the gasoline engine and switch to the diesel engine. The reason was that Holland and Lake were not very clear, but Wang Chenhao explained the reason to them.

The difference between gasoline engines and diesel engines is mainly the compression ratio, ignition method, fuel and purpose. The compression ratio refers to the ratio of the maximum volume and minimum volume of gases appearing in the cylinder when the piston is moving in the cylinder. An important indicator of an internal combustion engine is that the greater the compression ratio, the greater the pressure and the higher the temperature. The compression ratio of a gasoline engine is 4~6. The compression ratio of a diesel engine is 15~18. The compression ratio is greater. The efficiency is higher.

However, because the cylinder is limited by the strong material, and the temperature of the working fluid in the cylinder does not exceed the fuel's ignition point, the compression ratio cannot be too large.

Their ignition methods are different. The gasoline engine mixes the gasoline steam sucked into the cylinder with air, pressurizes, and then uses a fire plug to ignite. The diesel engine mixes the mist-shaped diesel oil sprayed from the fuel injector with air, pressurizes, and automatically ignites the gas by compression. For military reasons, safety requirements are first, so the two ignition devices, diesel engines are more in line with the military requirements.

The gasoline engine is small in size, light in weight, convenient in starting, stable in operation and fast rotation speed. It is suitable for transportation vehicles such as cars and aircraft that require small and fast speeds. The compression ratio of diesel engines is large, and the cylinders are made of relatively solid and heavy because they have to withstand greater pressure. They are generally made of steel plates, iron plates and other materials. It has a high power and is suitable for large trucks, tractors, locomotives and ships with large loads.

Another reason is that as a military submarine, you naturally have to consider the issue of oil loss. Obviously, diesel is generally saved by large transport vehicles, or small or gasoline.

Another point is that in terms of power, diesel motors have higher torque due to their low speed.

In other words, it is more powerful when accelerating. It is more suitable for load and dragging. However, the disadvantage is that the power is not as high as that of gasoline engines with the same displacement, and it is not suitable for high-speed driving. However, it is suitable for military load trucks and submarines.

At this time, Tianjin Zhigu Shipyard had built six summer-class submarines, namely Carp No. 1), Keyfish No. 2), Grass Carp No. 3), and Greenfish No. 4

), Gillfish No. 5), Danfish No. 6). The other four submarines are expected to be 1

The construction was completed at the beginning of Cunian.

The first three submarines of the six Xia-class submarines underwent three months of sea trials and have been in service with a newly established submarine fleet, but have been conducting secret training in the waters near the Huludao Naval Base in the northern Bohai Bay. Since the submarine cave at Huludao Naval Base has not been repaired yet, these submarines can only be temporarily parked on temporary docks, but they have been strictly kept confidential and will not leak news.

According to the concept of first-class submarine service, first-class construction, and first-class design. With the continuous service of Xia-class submarines, the Shang-class submarine test ship was launched and complex sea tests were carried out.

Originally, the design standards of Shang-class submarines had met Wang Chenhao's requirements, but Wang Chenhao temporarily changed the gasoline engine of Shang-class submarines to diesel engines, so the mass production of Shang-class submarines was stopped. After changing the heavier diesel engine, Shang-class submarines had to be redesigned and re-tested.

So at Holland's suggestion, Wang Chenhao canceled the plan to modify the Shang-class submarines and classified the Shang-class test boats one by one, but it is not being built. This has resulted in only one Shang-class submarine, named the Water Tigerfish 11).

Starting from the weekly submarine, the gasoline engine system was abandoned and replaced with a diesel engine system with high safety, high power, small fuel consumption, high torque and strong dragging force.

The tonnage of the week-class submarine designed by Holland and Lake also increased the tonnage of the submarine to 337 tons and the length to Sanmi due to the increase in the weight and volume of the diesel engine. It also used a four-stroke diesel motor designed by Diesel. Its motors have two output powers reach 480 horsepower, which can propel the submarine to sail at the speed of the underwater junction. The surface endurance reaches 1,200 nautical miles, but the underwater endurance has been improved to 40 nautical miles. The weapon is four torpedo tubes and is equipped with 6 torpedoes. The armor retains the design of the Merchant-class submarine, and the safe submarine depth is 61 meters.

Zhou-class submarine is an improved version of Shang-class submarine. This class of submarines further strengthened the torpedo weapons on the boat based on Shang-class submarines. During the design process of Zhou-class submarines, the Zhou-class submarines corrected some shortcomings on Shang-class submarines. In addition, two pressure-resistant cross-border partitions are set up inside the pressure-resistant boat of the Zhou-class submarine, which separates the boat into a torpedo compartment, command compartment and mechanical compartment. This arrangement shows that Zhou-class submarines already have the basic layout of modern submarines.

Of course, the biggest feature of Zhou-class submarines was that they used diesel engines. At that time, submarines from all over the world used gasoline engines as their main engines, and gasoline engines often had explosions, which had a serious impact on the normal operation and even the energy evaporation of submarines. Under the command of Wang Chenhao, Chinese submarines were the first to use diesel engines and were at the forefront of the world. Navy of countries around the world lacked this vision in the development of submarine hosts, which eventually led to their submarines paying a huge price before paying a huge price.

Design displacement of weekly submarine (surface, underwater): 288t/337t: Louji

3.8m: Host: 2 Diesel-type 4-stroke gasoline motors (for surface navigation), 2 motors (for underwater navigation), dual propulsion shafts: power (surface/underwater): 600 horsepower/330 horsepower: speed (surface/

Underwater): 1 Endurance: At 9.6 knots of water surface, the endurance is 1179 nautical miles: At 3 knots of underwater, the endurance is 40 nautical miles: Martial arts: 450mm bow torpedo tube lock, loaded with torpedo 6

Zi: Safe submarine depth 61m: Number of crew members: 16.

The Zhou-class submarine started construction of the test ship at the Zhigu Shipyard on December 1, 1897. It is expected to be completed and launched in March 1898. If the sea trial goes well, Wang Chenhao plans to build 3 to 4 ships.

Just as the construction of the week-class submarine started, the American Expeditionary Force arrived at the San Diego Naval Base in the United States. After a brief rest at the US base, it arrived at Tampa, Florida, along the Caribbean coast of the United States on the 17th, and met with the 25,000 expeditionary force formed by the U.S. Department of the Army and conducted intense training together.

The two sides held a meeting on the first day. The Chinese American Expeditionary Force won unanimous praise from the officers and soldiers of the United States for its strict military discipline, clean military appearance, advanced weapons, and excellent training. At the same time, the Chinese naval battleships Dengyun and Payun at the Key West Naval Base in the United States also attracted the attention of the Americans, because the second ship, as the world's most advanced battleship, showed its strong combat effectiveness.

The Americans couldn't help but exclaim that this was the real power of the Qing Empire.

In the past, in the eyes of Americans, the image of the Qing Empire's extremely cowardly cowardly lasted for more than half a century, especially the fact that the Chinese people kept their braids was still fresh in their memory. But now they have no braids in the Chinese army, and they no longer bowed in front of Americans. Asking for China and the United States to bully the Spaniards together, the Americans couldn't help but sigh that China has come out of the dilemma of being bullied and began to take revenge.

Due to the large number of American journalists in the US military base, the incident of the arrival of the Chinese American Expeditionary Force in the United States was immediately exposed, which not only caused a sensation in the United States, but also caused an uproar in the international community.

〖China also organized an expeditionary force, what is its purpose? Why go to Florida, the United States to train with the US military? Which country is their target? A series of questions are the focus of the great powers of various countries.

Soon, the US media took the initiative to expose the intention of the US Department of Army. First, the Chinese army won the victory in the Qing Russian War and the Ryukyu Restoration War one after another. The Chinese army, which had been trained in Germany, had a complete transformation of combat power and was strong. It was called an army no less than the German army by German iron-blooded instructors. The US Army needed to learn from the Chinese army. The second reason was that

At present, China's national strength has increased dramatically. The Chinese government abolished all the privileges of Spain in China and has a common enemy of Spain, with the United States.

The American media quickly speculated that the China-Gu Expeditionary Force arrived in the United States to attack Spain with the United States. The American media shouted that the Spanish Army was going to suffer.

The Spanish government suddenly became nervous. The intention of the two major powers of China and the United States to unite against the Spanish Empire is already very obvious, and the Spanish government will face two fronts.

The other powerful people were also surprised. Unexpectedly, the Qing Empire and the United States secretly colluded. There was no suspense about Spain's defeat. The powerful powers of various countries immediately began to consider whether to join the team that divided the Spanish colonies.

The Philippines, a colony in Spain, has always been the fat meat of Britain, France and Germany. Britain and France are greedy for too much and don’t feel overwhelmed. Germany urgently needs to expand its overseas market. The newly emerging empire is going to attack the old empire and divide the colonies again.

Britain, France and Germany immediately reported to the United States and the Qing Empire, demanding to interfere in Spanish colonial affairs, but the Qing Empire and the United States immediately denied it, not admitting that they would go to war against Spain, and opposing Britain, France and Germany's intervention in Spanish colonies.

Faced with the joint opposition between China and the United States, Britain, France and Germany had to wait first. Unless China and the United States declare war on Spain, they would not have the chance to intervene.

But Britain, France and Germany would not wait. They immediately secretly aroused Spain and supported Spain's toughness against China and the United States.

As a result, the Spanish government was sick and went to the doctor, believed in the instigation of Britain, France and Germany, and became unprecedentedly tough on the Qing Empire and the United States.

On December 20, the US Navy blocked the Cuban port. The USS Noschville warship captured a Spanish merchant ship. The Qing Empire Navy ships Dengyun and Payun left the US Key West Naval Base and cruised near Bo Do Rico Island, driving away and seizing several Spanish merchant ships.

This incident immediately angered the Spanish government. On the 21st, the Spanish Empire declared war on the Qing government of China and declared war on the United States. On the 22nd, the United States declared war on Spain, and the Qing Empire declared war on Spain.

At this time, most of the American fleet was concentrated in the Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic Squadron's strength was five battleships: the Iowa, the Indiana, the Massachusetts, the Texas, and the Oregon. In addition, the squadron also had two armored cruisers: the New York guide, the Brooklyn and some other small ships.

The U.S. Navy Atlantic Squadron surrounded Cuba Island and blocked the Caribbean Sea. At the same time, the Qing Empire Navy's two ships, the USS Dungyun and the USS Dungyun, were also preparing for the Chinese Expeditionary Force to land in Bodo Rico, and measured the water depth in the waters near Rio Grande in southern Bodo Rico. In Feiri, he found a suitable landing location in the southeast of Rio Grande Bay.

On the day of the expedition, Duan Qirui personally represented the troops of a sharp knife battalion of the Expeditionary Force and landed in Rio Grande Bay. Since it was Christmas in the evening, the nearby Spanish defenders withdrew their troops to San Juan to cut down trees and prepare for Christmas, so Duan Qirui's troops completed the landing without any resistance.

Duan Qirui immediately built a beachhead position, but still no Spanish troops came to block the attack, so he advanced twenty miles forward to arrange a defense line, and then Feng Guozhang led the large army to land.

At the same time, the US Army also began to prepare for landing in Cuba. However, due to Christmas, most of the US Army officers and soldiers opposed the battle during Christmas, so the US Army Department postponed its landing operation.

However, George Dewey, the commander of the American Asian Squadron in Asia, believed that the suggestion that Wang Chenhao gave Charles to attack the Spanish army was correct.
Chapter completed!