Chapter 216 An extremely depressing Guangxu
News of the Beijing Treaty was sent back to Japan, like a bombshell that exploded, and suddenly caused a huge boom in the hearts of the Japanese people.
In the eyes of Japanese citizens, signing the Treaty of Beijing is equivalent to returning to the era when Japan was invaded by European and American powers decades ago. Recognizing Ryukyu independence was tantamount to cede land. The compensation of 20 million British list put the Japanese citizens on heavy burdens. The Qing Empire forced the repayment of 39 years to double the total debt, which required the Japanese government to not eat or drink for four years to pay it back. The newly opened trade port made Japan's joy of abolishing all unequal treaties in 1894 and was opened again to abolish the door for large-scale foreign capital exports to Japan. The achievements made by the Meiji Restoration in Japan in the past few decades were destroyed overnight. The Japanese economy, which had just recovered some vitality, was even worsened again, and Japan's international status also declined sharply.
All of this made the entire Japanese people angry, and large-scale protests were launched in various places, demanding the abolition of the Beijing Treaty and refusing to surrender to the Qing Empire.
〖Japanese〗The Cabinet of Kurokuroda Kiyoshi was unable to appease the anger of the people, nor did it dare to go to war with the Qing Empire again, causing even greater losses, so it could only be a scapegoat.
On the day of the signing of the treaty, Kuroda Kiyoshi resigned and Kuroda Kiyoshi's cabinet fell.
The next day, the Japanese Emperor Meiji issued an edict to explain to the Japanese people the reason that they could not continue to fight. The Japanese people's Navy Department Shiki Karayama and a group of naval generals stood up to express their revenge. The secret reconstruction of the Japanese and Japanese joint fleet was also made public and received enthusiastic funding from the Japanese people.
At the same time, Emperor Meiji appointed Matsukata Matsukata Matsukata as Prime Minister and reorganized the cabinet to stabilize the political situation in Japan. Matsukata Matsukata Matsukata Matsukata Matsukata Matsukata used Ito Hiromoto as Foreign Minister, and used Ito Hiromoto's excellent eloquence to successfully pass on the anger of Japan to the weak former cabinet and the Qing government. At the same time, Matsukata Matsukata issued a "Plan to Strengthen..." to attract the attention of the Japanese people, thus calming the wind and stabilizing the political situation.
The "Strengthening Plan..." is based on the development of the economy, which is also Matsukata Matsukaya Matsukaya's specialty. As one of the nine veterans of Japan, Matsukata Matsukaya has no ability elsewhere, but its economic mind is very strong. Therefore, Matsukata Matsukata has served as the Tibetan minister of Japan for 22 consecutive years and has controlled the power of Japan's fiscal and economic power.
Of course, this is also a means for the Satsuma clan to control Japan. Masayoshi Matsukata, who was born in the Satsuma clan, was non-partisan on the surface, but actually represented the interests of the Satsuma clan and actually ruled Japan under the guise of the Meiji Restoration.
Matsukata Matsukaya promised to the Japanese people that he would reply to the level of the Japanese national strength during his term of office to the level before the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. He took a series of measures to sell Japanese state-owned enterprises to private capitalists to raise 5 million British capital lists, first repay the first war compensation to the Qing Empire, prevent the Qing Empire from having an excuse to launch another war, and win a breathing time for survival for Japan.
Matsukata Matsukata Matsukata has been in control of the financial and economic lifeline of Japan for more than 20 years and has rich experience in raising money. At this time, Japan was in financial and economic difficulties. If you want to raise a huge sum of 5 million British dollars, you can only rely on the large commercial capital of Osaka, Edo and Kyoto.
Matsukata Matsukatsu borrowed "accounting fund" from big businessmen such as Mitsui.
15 million yen, and then Matsukata Masayoshi issued government banknotes called "Taicang's Letter" (120 million yen is not exchanged for banknotes, mainly purchased by Mitsubishi and Sumitomo. Then, 7.5 million yen of the Ministry of Civil Affairs's banknotes were issued, mainly purchased by Yasuda Caique.
But this is not enough to repay the first batch of compensation from the Qing Empire's 5 million British list. In order to raise the increased financial expenses, Matsukata Masayoshi's cabinet used the credit of the Mitsui group to issue 16.8 million yen of Datoma Province to exchange securities, and Mitsui issued 21.5 million yen of Kaida Securities. In addition, the Mitsui Group, the Ono Group and the Shimada Group, which established the credit, managed the revenue and exchange of public funds.
In order to repay these consortiums to help the Japanese government overcome the crisis, Matsukata Matsukatsu Matsukazu Cabinet promised that these large commercial capitalists who were appointed as exchangers could use public funds to make profits for themselves without interest. At the same time, a group of state-owned enterprises mortgaged them to these consortiums as compensation. From then on, the large commercial bourgeoisie such as Mitsui, Mitsubishi, Sumitomo, Yasuda and other major commercial bourgeoisies established a very close relationship with the Japanese government. The 173 national and prefecture banks were quickly controlled by the four major financial institutions and merged into several monopoly banks.
On July 15, Mitsui, the Bank of Tokyo (the First National Bank) purchased by Ono, Yokohama Bank (the Second National Bank) converted from Yokohama exchange company acquired by Sumitomo, Niigata Bank (the Fourth National Bank) funded by Niigata Dadi Island, and Osaka Bank (the Fifth National Bank) centered on Kagoshima gentry, which raised 5 million British funds and handed over to the Japanese government as the down payment for military expenses of the Qing Empire.
However, the Japanese government had to carry out post-war reconstruction work, restore the Lingshen Industrial Zone and Nagoya Industrial Zone that were destroyed by the Qing Empire Navy, as well as maintaining the operation and reconstruction of the Japanese government's First Division and Fifth Division, supplementing the Fourth Division, and allocating naval shipbuilding, all of which required huge funds. The Japanese government was unable to support it, so it had to borrow money from Britain and the United States. Both Britain and the United States were in their own interests and did not want Japan to fall to Russia, so they agreed to lend to Japan to save the Japanese economy, and at the same time to control the Japanese economy.
On July 18, the Japanese government handed over the compensation stipulated in the annex to the Beijing Treaty to a third party’s witness and handed over the five million British banks to the Qing government in accordance with the regulations on transferring the five million British funds.
As a result, the US government and the British government reached a secret agreement with Wang Chenhao respectively. According to Wang Chenhao's intention, they designated the New York headquarters of Bank of America* and the London Branch of Bank of America to be responsible for receiving it.
The move between Britain and the United States was equivalent to paying the compensation from Japan to the Qing government to Wang Chenhao. Of course, they did this without any benefit. As compensation, Wang Chenhao ordered two Dengyun-class battleships and six supply ships to the United States, and two battleships and six supply ships to the United States, with a fee of 2.5 million British list respectively.
In fact, it was just Wang Chenhao who took the compensation from Japan to increase equipment and expand his strength to his navy.
Among them, the UK built two more Dengyun-class battleships for Wang Chenhao, the Chongyun and the Cunyun.
Since the British had started construction of several majestic battleships, the Dengyun and Tayun two ships built for China were also completed and the sea test was completed. It can be said that the British were very mature in the technology and experience of building the Dengyun-class battleships. The subsequent Chongyun and Ciyun two ships also received certain technical improvements. First of all, the armor strength was further enhanced. Although the armor thickness and coverage of the first two Dengyun-class battleships were the same, the technological progress has increased the anti-strike ability of the Cirrus and Ciyun two ships by 10%. The number of artillery has not changed, but the artillery launch has been improved.
The electric ignition and ignition system adopts a more advanced electric rotating turret that greatly improves the firing speed of the artillery. At the same time, the protection level of the ammunition reservoir and the ammunition conveyor belt are improved, the ammunition transport efficiency is increased, and the safety energy is improved. In terms of speed, in order to cope with the high-speed battleships Chongyun and Cirrus, the second ships started to be built in Russia, the boiler has been added and the combustion efficiency has been improved, so that the combat speed of the two ships reaches 19 knots and the combat speed of the Russian high-speed battleships is the same as that of the Russian high-speed battleships, but it extends the combat cruise time by nearly 6 hours compared to the opponent. This advantage is very advantageous.
Due to the request of the British Third Minister of Maritime Affairs Fisher, the British Navy installed radio and telephone systems for several majestic battleships they were building. In this way, the two ships Chongyun and Cunyun took into account the requirements of installing radio and telephone systems in the design, and set up a communication module compartment and armor protection separately. At the same time, the optimized layout of the communication lines improved the security power. Compared with the previous temporary installation of the communication system by Wang Chenhao's Pacific Fleet, the adverse situation that the communication lines were easily blown off when the warship was attacked was greatly improved.
There are six large West Lake class supply ships that have started construction in the UK, with a standard displacement of 5,200 tons, a full load displacement of 9,600 tons, a standard speed of 14 knots, a cruising capacity of 10,000 nautical miles, equipped with 6 double-mounted 47mm rapid-fire guns, one on the bow and stern, and two on both sides of the ship. They have certain anti-pirate and anti-torpedo boat capabilities, and can follow the fleet to sea as a naval fleet supply ship and provide supply to the fleet at sea. 12 ships are built at the same level, the UK is responsible for six, and the United States is responsible for the other six.
The United States is responsible for building the No. 5 Bayun Ship and No. 6 Panyun Ship, which are responsible for building the Dengyun-class battleship for Wang Chenhao. The overall design drawings are made of the Chongyun and Cunyun Ship built by the United Kingdom. The same is true for the large West Lake-class fleet supply ships. Both Wang Chenhao handed over the drawings designed by the British to the Americans.
The reason why the drawings were handed over to the United States was mainly because the US Navy also wanted to obtain the most advanced design drawings and construction technology of Dengyun-class and Majestic battleships. Among them, the tonnage, speed and firepower of the Dengyun-class battleships were slightly stronger than that of the British Majestic battleships. Therefore, the Americans were very interested in the technology of Dengyun-class battleships. This was also one of the deals between Wang Chenhao and the Americans to obtain the support of the United States for China in the position of Japan and Russia.
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Beijing, Forbidden City.
In the imperial study, Guangxu was so angry that his face turned pale after hearing the report of Weng Tongsu, the Minister of the Ministry of Revenue, that Wang Chenhao had seized the compensation of the five million British list of compensations to the Qing government.
"This Wang Chenhao is really arrogant. He swallowed the war indemnities given to the court by Japan and did not take the court seriously at all."
Emperor Guangxu roared. He originally planned to use the first five million British compensation from Japan to the Qing Empire as the starting capital for the launch of financial reform. At the same time, he was ready to carry out reforms and reforms with Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and others, and this huge sum could undoubtedly provide strong impetus for the reform.
But now, Wang Chenhao withheld this huge sum of money, which made Guangxu’s grand plan ruined, and he was naturally furious.
"Why did this money come to Wang Chenhao? "Don't the country hand over the compensation directly to the Ministry of Revenue?"
Weng Tongsu explained: "I only know that according to the provisions of paragraph 3 of the Annex to the Beijing Treaty, the compensation for the Qing Dynasty needs to be handed over to the court by a third party neutral country before it can be transferred to the court. The United States and Britain were the entrusted parties when the Qing Dynasty signed the contract, so Japan transferred the compensation to the United States and Britain. After the banks of the United States and Britain were determined, international justice was carried out to prove that the compensation for the Japanese was already paid as promised and then transferred to the court. This is an international general rule."
Guangxu asked: "Even if it is an international norm, how could Britain and the United States give money to Wang Chenhao?"
Weng Tongsu shook his head and said, "This old minister is not sure!"
Guangxu turned to Prince Qing Yili and asked, "Prince Qing, as the Minister of the General Li Yamen, Britain and the United States openly gave the money given to the court to individual officials. How did you negotiate with them?" Prince Qing Yili complained in his heart that if he didn't interfere, he would not be dragged down by Wang Chenhao, but he never thought of becoming the Minister of the General Li Yamen. Wang Chenhao gave him a problem.
Faced with Guangxu's accountability, Yi Li had to bite the bullet and answer.
"After learning about this, the emperor's empress, Li Er wrote to the British Minister Dou Nale and the American Minister Charles, and questioned them in person.*, Yi Li paused, and after thinking about it, he continued: "The British and American ministers said that they only appointed the Neutral Bank to transfer the compensation to the court in accordance with the provisions of the annex to the treaty.
Considering that the court did not have an international exchange bank, they chose the Bank of America. As for why the Bank of America was not handed over to the court, the British and American ministers said that this was a matter between Wang Chenhao and the court and had nothing to do with them."
Guangxu gritted his teeth and knew that Britain and the United States would definitely be in a favor and had no place to argue with them.
"What about Wang Chenhao? How dare he swallow the imperial court's money?"
Yi Li said bitterly: "Your Majesty, the boss behind the Bank of America is Wang Chenhao. Wang Chenhao said that he had just been promoted to the Minister of the Army and the Navy, and was preparing to reorganize the national navy. However, the court owed the Navy and Army, as well as Beiyang Weapon Heavy Industry, Shanghai Shipbuilding Industry, etc., a total of more than 20 million British List fees. If it cannot be replenished in time, there may be soldiers mutiny, trouble and other things." Guangxu was stunned and said: "How did it become the 20 million British List? Didn't you owe five or six million British List?" Yi Shu refused to speak, and Weng Tongsu said at this time: "Your Majesty, the seven million British List owed to the Russian War. The Ryukyu Restoration War and the Qing-Japanese War consumed another 1,330.
The list of ten thousand heroes, so the accumulated list of 20.3 million heroes was 20.3 million. "Guangxu rolled his eyes in anger and said, "This Wang Chenhao is really good at deciding the score! He just drove the navy to Japan and fired a few shots. How could he have so much money? In addition, wasn't he a volunteer army in the Ryukyu Restoration War? What does it have to do with the court? Why did the money count on the court?" Weng Tongsu smiled bitterly and said, "Master, have you forgotten? The tribute form of the Ryukyu King Shang Tai asked the court to be kind to the volunteer soldiers who helped the restoration of the Ryukyu. When you opened your mouth at that time, but in front of the civil and military officials, the Ryukyu King's sympathy for the cost of the volunteer soldiers was paid by the court.
The King of Ryukyu Shangtai and Wang Chenhao were wearing a kuba, and immediately took on all the expenses of the volunteer army's battle in Ryukyu." Guangxu was stunned. He could not remember it, but he knew that there was something happening. He was so happy when he saw the condemnation of Ryukyu Kingdom, as if he had agreed to Shangtai's many conditions in one breath. Now that he thought about it, Guangxu immediately realized that this was the trap set by Wang Chenhao and was waiting for him to drill in.
"Have I said it?"
Guangxu pretended to be stupid, but Weng and Su and Yili nodded at the same time. The latter said, "The emperor was very happy at that time, but he promised in front of the civil and military ministers and the King of Ryukyu." Guangxu wanted to kill Kuai Tofu and secretly scolded himself for being too stupid. Why was he so confused at that time?
Guangxu fell to the dragon throne in depressed state and did not speak for a long time.
Weng Tongsu and Yi Gu looked at each other, but they were afraid to let out, for fear of becoming the punching bag for Guangxu to withdraw.
After a while, Guangxu sorted out his mood and asked, "Wang Chenhao can't finish the five million hero list at once, so I just care about how he borrowed it for?"
Yisuke avoided Guangxu's eyes and turned his face to the side. He secretly asked Guangxu's words to do nothing.
Weng Tongsu smiled bitterly and said, "Master, Wang Chenhao has used this money to order four battleships and twelve auxiliary ships from the UK and the US. Britain and the US have each shared the 250 British-list shipbuilding orders.
I'm afraid the emperor can't borrow money."
With a bang, Guangxu slapped the table suddenly, scaring Weng Tongsu and Yi to fight with each other.
"This Wang Chenhao was really too much. He seized the money from the Japanese government to the court. He didn't hand it over in time, but he even changed his hands and went out. I have to deal with him!"
Weng Tongsu smiled bitterly again and said, "Don't rest assured, Wang Chenhao's ordering warships from Britain and the United States was also agreed by the emperor. If the emperor wants to use this excuse to deal with Wang Chenhao, it may be inappropriate!" Guangxu was depressed again and asked, "When did I agree to him again?"
This time Weng Tongsu and Yigu were really defeated, and both of them looked at Guangxu speechlessly.
Seeing the expressions of the two of them, Guangxu immediately asked embarrassedly: "I don't remember!" Weng Tongsu sighed helplessly and said, "The old minister should have guessed Wang Chenhao's tricks long ago!
On the day the Beijing Treaty was officially signed, Wang Chenhao took advantage of the emperor's joy to propose that Britain and the United States put pressure on Japan on the conclusion of the Beijing Treaty. In order to thank Britain and the United States, Wang Chenhao advised the emperor that he had ordered warships from Britain and the United States, which was to thank them and consolidate the coastal defense. At that time, the emperor was immersed in the great joy of signing the Beijing Treaty. You said that after you received the Japanese compensation, you had money, so you agreed at that time. But you didn't expect that Wang Chenhao had already arranged the situation. He planned to swallow the Japanese compensation." After hearing this, Guangxu gradually remembered the situation that day in his mind.
As Weng Tongsu said, Guangxu was so happy that day that he was so happy that he didn't notice Wang Chenhao's twists and turns. Looking back now, this was obviously the trap set by Wang Chenhao, but Guangxu himself turned in like a fool.
With a bang, Guangxu punched the table, louder than before.
"Your Majesty, aren't you hurt?"
Weng Tongsu and Yigu quickly wanted to go forward and take a look, because Guangxu's punch was very hard.
"You all retreat! I want to be alone later!" Weng Tongsu and Yi Li saw that Guangxu had a bad face and did not want to be so bad, so they knelt down and left the imperial study room.@.
Chapter completed!