The whole Hallelujah star is like an apple.

The apple peel is equivalent to the crust of Hallelujah, accounting for only 1% of the planet's volume, the apple core is equivalent to the core of Hallelujah, and the apple meat is the mantle of Hallelujah, accounting for more than 80% of the planet's volume.

The so-called geological movement is the process of the earth's crust moving on the surface of the mantle.

The mantle is composed of magma; the various plates of the earth's crust and the solid upper mantle part, called "tectonic plates", float on the lava and move slowly.

The movement speed is very slow. In human perception, it may take millions of years to feel this movement of the earth's crust.

But it is undeniable that, with the age of Hallelujah, millions of years are just a blink of an eye. The current western plateau of Du family has been the ocean a long time ago, and the marine biological fossils found from above can be verified.

The plates interact in various ways, causing geological activities such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, orogenic movements, and shaping the earth's various landforms.

Except for diamonds and peridots formed in the mantle layer, other gem minerals formed in the crust layer.

Rocks in the earth's crust are mainly composed of three types of rocks, igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks.

Igorous rocks are formed by cooling and solidification of lava; sedimentary rocks are formed by solidification, evaporation and precipitation; metamorphic rocks are rocks formed by changes in the crystal structure of igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks or metamorphic rocks under extremely high temperature and high pressure.

The formation of each gem requires five harsh conditions at the same time: suitable temperature, pressure, space, chemical composition and sufficient time. This is why gems are rare, and some gems are more rare than another.

Oxygen and silicon are two common elements, so in the rocks in the earth's crust, quartz or silica is very common, such as sand is silica, which is the cheapest building material.

In addition to oxygen and silicon, gemstones also need to be formed by other elements, so they are very rare.

There are three main ways to form gems: precipitate from solution, crystallize from magma, or condense from steam.

The gems precipitated in the solution include crystal, agate, malachite and turquoise.

Solution refers to groundwater such as surface water or hot springs. They can dissolve certain minerals in rocks or sediments, and then carry, mix and concentrate these minerals until appropriate changes occur in the environment, the dissolved substances precipitate to form solids.

For example, when the formation of turquoise, as long as the environment contains oxygen and silicon, and a small amount of aluminum and copper, it can form this copper-containing gem.

So, if people are looking for malachite or turquoise? Just look for arid or semi-arid sandstone areas? There will be a great probability.

The gems crystallized in magma are mainly diamonds and peridots.

When the magma cools, if there is the right temperature, pressure, space and sufficient time? Certain gems will be generated.

So? If people are looking for diamonds, they can first look for ancient areas where volcanic eruptions have occurred? You are usually not disappointed near some extinct volcanoes.

The situation where steam forms gem crystals is more abstract? Daily experience seems unimaginable? However, if you think of the white frost formed on car glass in low temperature weather, the frost crystal that is similar to snowflakes is actually not much different from the crystal structure of the gems formed by steam.

In addition to these inorganic gems, there are actually some organic gems in nature? Such as pearls, amber, corals, etc.? Those are not in the concept of searching for mineral veins.

The location where gems are formed and gems are mined, and the location where gems are collected is very different, and they are usually not in the same place. The place where gems are mined is called gem deposits, which are divided into two types: native deposits and secondary deposits.

A native deposit refers to the gemstones that are also contained in the formed rocks, while a secondary deposit refers to the gemstones that have been lifted to the surface by geological movements.

So it is obvious that the native ore deposits are deep underground? They are extremely difficult to mine, while secondary ore deposits usually only need to be operated on the surface. It can be said that there are picking up everywhere.

Generally, people mine metal ores through native ore deposits? The mining of gems is almost secondary ore deposits, except for diamonds and peridot.

The mining technology methods of gemstones range from simple single-person single-track cleaning to large-scale mechanized mining, cleaning, and sorting led by large companies. They are basically not very complicated.

So just be sure that this rocky area in the Horama Mountains is a secondary deposit of gems? Then let’s take a look at what gems are inside.

Professor Li Sanming's full explanation was recorded by Xiong Junjun on his mobile phone. As a popular science video of gems, it will definitely cause a sensation, at least Xiong Junjun thinks so.

"Dear friends, what you see now is a large primitive rock layer in the Horama Mountains. The one next to me is a famous geologist, gem expert, and Professor Li Sanming, a world-renowned geologist, gem expert, and professor Li Sanming. This time, we came here specially to find out whether there will be rare gem mines here..."

Xiong Junjun's opening remark made Pang Xiaonan feel very immersive.

Those mining companies that want to make a fortune will definitely be firmly grasped by the picture if they see Professor Li Sanming leading the ore exploration at a glance.

This is the power of idols.

Professor Li Sanming did not refuse Xiong Junjun's shooting. Pang Xiaonan had already been angry with him before and wanted to borrow his well-known reputation.

After a few people ate a little bite, Professor Li Sanming stood up from the ground, took a deep breath and said, "Let's start working."

He walked to a huge blue stone and said to Pang Xiaonan: "I plan to explode this big stone. Do you have any other way?"

Pang Xiaonan walked to the stone, touched the surface of the stone, and said, "If you can explode, just blast it. I may be able to smash it open, but I can't save some physical strength. If there is any danger, I can still protect you."

"Well, I think so too. Try to use tools if you have them."

Professor Li Sanming put down his backpack and took out a detonator from it.

After carefully inserting the detonator to the bottom of the rock, Professor Li Sanming walked to a large stone far away with the remote control, which was almost close to the edge of the woods they had just crossed.

"Everyone retreated and hid here!" Professor Li Sanming called everyone to his side, and then told Pang Xiaonan to pay attention to the stone fragments falling from the sky to protect everyone from being hurt.

"Are you ready?" Professor Li Sanming asked Pang Xiaonan. The gravel in front was blocked by large stones, but the gravel in the sky could only be handed over to Pang Xiaonan for protection. The stones falling from the sky would kill people if they were not careful.

"Wait a minute, Professor Li Sanming, wait until I take this scene first." Xiong Junjun firmly fulfilled his responsibilities as the whole filming.

"We are now preparing to explode a large rock to see if there will be traces of gems inside..." Xiong Junjun jumped out with his phone, first aiming the camera at the stone that was about to be exploded, and then aiming at his teammate hiding behind the big rock.

"The blasting process is very dangerous. Although we have prepared a helmet, the rocks falling above our heads are still very dangerous. Everyone, please bless us not to get hurt. Okay, we are about to blast. I am very excited now. This may be a real portrayal of the fact that a bicycle turns into a motorcycle..."

After taking this shot, Xiong Junjun quickly walked to Pang Xiaonan's side and hid behind the big stone.

"Okay, everything is ready, I'm going to blast." Professor Li Sanming asked his teammates again about his opinions.

"It's ready!" several people answered strongly. So Professor Li Sanming pressed the blasting button.

After a loud bang in the sky, gravel fell one after another, and a few pieces fell just over the treasure hunting team.

Pang Xiaonan used dazzling techniques to knock out all these falling rocks to protect the people around him from any harm.

Professor Li Sanming waved his hand, dispelled the lime powder in front of him, then stretched out his head and looked at the blasted stone.

The blue boulder was blown to pieces, and the cross-section was bumpy. It seemed that the detonator was powerful, and the stone shell outside had turned into shattering.

Without a moment of hesitation, Professor Li Sanming couldn't wait to walk over.

Pang Xiaonan followed behind him in case of any sudden situation.

Walking to the section of the huge rock, Professor Li Sanming leaned over and touched the crystal smooth surface of the stone.

The happier he felt, the happier he felt. Pang Xiaonan saw Professor Li Sanming's expression of relief and asked quickly: "How about Professor, is this a gem?"

Pang Xiaonan didn't know much about gem mines, but when he saw the cross section, it didn't look like an ordinary rock, at least it had the luster of jade.

This is the concubine Feng who came over, and the expression on her face was not restrained at all, and she looked very excited, "Wow, this is Nanhong!"

Professor Li Sanming added, saying, "That's right, this is very likely to be Nanhong."

Then he patted Pang Xiaonan on the shoulder and said, "Congratulations, Xiaonan."

The stone skin of this huge stone is a bit thick, but with this size, if it is really Nanhong, the value of this stone is at least over 100 million yuan.

"What kind of gem is Nanhong?" Pang Xiaonan was a little curious. He thought the gems were all the same color as jade. He had just seen this red piece, and he thought there was little hope.

"Nanhong is a type of agate, known as "red jade" in ancient times. Its body is like condensed, with its introverted essence, thick and warm texture, and the texture is delicate. The artworks made are even more exquisite. Beautiful but not charming, and moist but not venting is the best interpretation of it."

Gem expert Professor Li Sanming started his performance.

"As early in ancient times, southern red agate was loved by the nobles. The carvings of southern red agate excavated from the tombs of royal nobles in all dynasties are a proof. The pursuit of southern red agate continued to various dynasties later. Among the many agate varieties, southern red is known as diamond agate. Its bright color and warm texture have been cherished by collectors since ancient times."

"As the name suggests, the color of southern red is mainly red. Different mining areas have different degrees of red, including bright red, peach red, red and white, and black and red. In short, the main color must be red."

"Oh..." Pang Xiaonan was not interested in these things. He wanted to know a key indicator, "Then which is more valuable than jade?"

"We can't generalize this way," Li Sanming shook his head, "There are also different levels of similar gems. Nanhong is not as popular as jade, but has great potential. At present, the known content of jade is more than that of Nanhong, and many old mines in Nanhong have been sealed, so there is still a lot of room for hype in Nanhong now."

"You mean, this gem mine is very valuable?"

Pang Xiaonan likes to do something practical and just point out.

"A hundred billions are worth it." From the perspective of geological experts and gem experts, this ore vein must have hundreds of square kilometers, and hundreds of billions can be easily earned back.

"But I still have to test the composition of the stone or not, and finally make a conclusion."

The scientists' attitude is rigorous. Although Li Sanming has been playing with gems for so many years, no matter what kind of stone he can tell that the variety is very good at just one glance, in the end, he still has to use scientific means to make the final conclusion.

"That's great!" Pang Xiaonan was very excited. With the support of hundreds of billions of yuan, the construction of Horama City will definitely be a thousand miles a day.

"No wonder so many people are looking for gems. It's so easy to get rich..." Seeing Professor Li Sanming busy preparing for stone testing there, Pang Xiaonan couldn't help but sigh.

"Haha, you're so light." Professor Li Sanming was busy and talked to Pang Xiaonan in a mess. "It's your luck and strength that you can find a treasure for you so easily."

"For example, we just met three bears, and the average team was already scattered, but you are different. At least we can protect ourselves, this is strength."

"Also, your luck is really great. This treasure is here. No one has been here for so many years. And according to my calculations, if you walk a few kilometers, you will be the territory of other countries. If you want to mine, you will have to deal with foreign countries."

Xiong Junjun was recording the whole video, and she was also very excited. She heard that this treasure was worth tens of millions, no, tens of billions, and he was also happy for Pang Xiaonan.

Although it is a good thing to discover a treasure, Pang Xiaonan looked around and saw that the walls were clear and clear. There were stones near and vast mountains in the distance. How should this stone be transported out?

Do you use an airplane?

Pang Xiaonan looked at the ground again. The ground was full of stones of all sizes, which were uneven and could not be grounded at all. Besides, the cost of transporting stones by planes was too high.

And how to get the stone onto the plane is also a big trouble.

"Are you wondering how to transport these stones?"

Professor Li Sanming fiddled with the instrument in his hand and glanced at Pang Xiaonan.

As an old geologist, Professor Li Sanming has a complete experience system for how to sample and transport stones.

"Yes, professor, this place where birds don't poop, even if you find such a treasure, you can't sell it."
To be continued...