The sky in the east was slightly bright, so Zhang Zong got up early, and the weather was still stuffy. Even though he had put on an ice basin in the room, he was still sweating after waking up, and his clothes were stuck on his body very uncomfortable. So he simply took off his clothes, took a morning bath, and now he had soap, and his personal hygiene was finally guaranteed.

After taking a shower, Zhang Zong returned to the room to comb his hair. At the beginning, he was still very uncomfortable with his long hair, but now he has gradually learned to comb his hair. Although he also thought about shave his hair short, short hair is not popular in this era, and he does not want to be an alien in the eyes of others, so he can only follow the crowd.

After combing his hair, Zhang Zong hesitated for a moment and picked up a small porcelain bottle on the table, then poured out a little colorless transparent liquid from it, and rubbed it evenly with his hands, but in the end he didn't dare to apply it on his face.

The bottle is the glycerin produced after the saponification reaction. Zhang Zong finally filtered the waste liquid and heated it. Because the boiling point of glycerin is much higher than that of water, he finally obtained concentrated glycerin, which was stored by him. The bottle is a little glycerin he took out, and diluted with distilled water and used as a skin care product.

In fact, high concentrations of glycerol are toxic, but ordinary aqueous glycerol solutions are harmless to the human body, and even if you drink them directly, it is no problem. Moreover, glycerol can moisturize and moisturize the skin, and is a good skin care product. However, Zhang Zong only dares to do experiments with his hands now, and he is not afraid to apply it to his face for the time being. After all, it will be troublesome if he is disfigured.

After breakfast, Zhang Zong trimmed the flowers and plants at home as usual. Some time ago, he cooperated with Princess Chengyang to produce soap, and the other party quickly sent craftsmen to learn. Although these craftsmen did not understand the chemical principles, as long as they remembered the operating steps, they could also make the soap.

The raw materials for making soap are also very simple, mainly lime and natural alkali. Mixing these two raw materials with water can produce caustic soda, that is, sodium hydroxide. This strong alkali can saponify with oil, thereby producing soap.

Among the above raw materials, the most expensive is oil. In the Tang Dynasty, there were relatively few sources of oil. Even the lamp oil that could not be eaten was not cheap, so the price of soap would definitely not be low. It is estimated that ordinary people cannot afford it. However, the most lacking thing in Chang'an City is rich people, and they are the largest consumer group of soap.

Two days ago, Xue Shao brought news that the soap workshop has almost prepared and the raw materials have been shipped. It is estimated that the soap will be officially launched in a few days. The first batch of output will not be too much. After all, we need to try the market reaction. However, Princess Chengyang, as the top lady in Chang'an City, has always led the trend of Chang'an City. As long as she does a small promotion among the ladies, the soap will definitely open up sales quickly.

As the saying goes, when Zhang Zong thought of Xue Shao, he suddenly heard a knock on the door outside. Recently, because the weather was hot, no one had come to buy flowers, so the business of the flower garden stopped. Now when he heard the knock on the door, Zhang Zong was almost sure that the person coming was Xue Shao.

Zhang Zong put down his scissors and went to the door to open it. It was indeed Xue Shao outside. The difference was that several servants followed him carrying a large object.

"Brother Shi, I have someone to make what you want. See if it's right!" Xue Shao immediately pointed to the huge thing behind him when he saw Zhang Zong.

"Come in quickly!" Zhang Zong also showed a surprise expression when he saw the things his servant was carrying, and then invited them into the yard. After several servants put down the things, they were all driven outside the door by Xue Shao. When he came to Zhang Zong, he never liked anyone to follow him.

At this time, Zhang Zong was excited to circle the thing that Xue Shao sent him for a few times. He saw that the thing was a cylinder that was one person tall, but it was divided into several layers, with openings up and down, and a slender tube stretched out from the middle, making it look like a huge cylindrical teapot.

"Brother Shi, what is this thing for? You should be able to tell me now, right?" Xue Shao asked curiously at this time. Zhang Zong asked him to help find a blacksmith before, just to create such a thing, but he was unwilling to tell him the purpose of this thing, which also made him even more curious.

"This thing is called a distiller, it has a lot of uses!" Zhang Zong introduced excitedly. He had long wanted to make the distiller, not to make distilled liquor, but to distillate essential oils. After all, what his flower beds lack the least is flowers. Essential oils can be made through distillation, and with essential oils, it is very easy to make perfume.

"By the way, is the other thing I want ready?" Zhang Zong suddenly thought of another thing, so he asked again.

"It's done, here I am here!" Xue Shao finally remembered when he heard this, and he reached out and took out a "u"-shaped copper tube as thick as a chopstick from his arms.

Zhang Zong took the copper tube and looked it carefully. He found that the entire copper tube should be rolled out of copper sheets, with tight joints at the interface. Not to mention anything else, this technology alone can be regarded as a masterpiece.

Speaking of which, the tubes like Zhang Zong's hand were all found in later generations, such as metal, glass, ceramic, and other materials. However, in the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Zong could not buy them even if he wanted to, and even ordinary craftsmen could not make them. In the end, he could only ask Xue Shao to find skilled craftsmen, and it took a lot of time and energy to create such a thin copper tube.

"Brother Shi, what are you going to do if you want such a thin copper tube?" Xue Shao asked in confusion at this time. He originally thought that the copper tube was a part on the distiller next to him, but now it seems that it is not.

"You will know if you follow me!" After checking the copper tube without finding any problem, Zhang Zong turned around and left immediately. The distiller was not available for the time being, but this copper tube was something he urgently needed.

Xue Shao also followed curiously, and saw Zhang Zong bringing him into the left side of the living room. This place was originally Xue Shao's father's study, but now it has been vacated by him. There are only a table inside, and some strange things are placed on the table, such as charcoal stoves, porcelain bottles, etc. Xue Shao looked at it for a long time but couldn't figure out what these things were used for?

Zhang Zong was excited to pick up the porcelain bottle on the charcoal stove. There was a cork on the mouth of the bottle. After removing the plug, he drilled a hole in the middle with a tool, and then he passed the copper tube through the cork. Then he picked up a porcelain bottle next to him and poured a white crystal inside into the original porcelain bottle. This crystal was his purified saltpeter, that is, potassium nitrate crystal.

After the porcelain bottle was filled with saltpeter, Zhang Zong then tightened the cork cover. As for the other end of the copper tube, he put it in another wide-mouth porcelain cup, which contained a colorless liquid, which was the glycerin solution he had made before.

After making the above preparations, Zhang Zong ignited the charcoal furnace. As the flame burned, the porcelain bottle containing saltpeter on the charcoal furnace began to heat up. This is actually the dry distillation commonly used in chemistry, that is, heat the material away from air, so as to decompose the material.

Generally speaking, the decomposition of potassium nitrate by heating will only produce oxygen, but under dry distillation, nitrogen dioxide gas will be produced. These nitrogen dioxide will produce nitric acid when it encounters water.

As the porcelain bottle was heated, Zhang Zong became a little nervous. Although the above theories were feasible, his experimental conditions were really poor. For example, there was no glassware, so he could only use porcelain instead. Now he could not see the reaction in the bottle.

However, as time went by, Zhang Zong found that the copper tubes inserted into the glycerol solution began to appear bubbles. At first, it might be expanded air, but later there were more and more gases, and he also obviously smelled a pungent smell. Obviously, nitric acid should have appeared, and he had even seen some oily substances appear at the bottom of the solution.

Seeing this, Zhang Zong couldn't help but become even more excited. He needed not much glycerol. Even when he was a drug, the concentration of nitroglycerin was extremely low, as if it was only a few cents, because this thing was highly toxic. Inhaling a little can make people react. Excessive dose will cause fainting, insanity, and even more serious, it will even die.

At this time, Xue Shao also looked at Zhang Zong for an experiment with curiosity, but he couldn't understand anything. Finally, he stretched his neck to see clearly what was in the wide-mouth porcelain cup. Zhang Zong pulled it back and said, "Stay away, this thing is very poisonous!"

Zhang Zong's words also scared Xue Shao and hurriedly retreated to the back. However, Zhang Zong was actually a bit exaggerated. Although nitroglycerin is highly toxic, it is usually poisoned only if it comes into contact with the body. Moreover, the density of nitroglycerin is greater than that of water. Now it sinks at the bottom of the liquid and is not easy to evaporate. Unless someone drinks all the liquid in the wide-mouthed porcelain cup, it will not be poisoned at all.

When the nitric acid smell from the wide-mouth porcelain cup became stronger and more nitroglycerin at the bottom became more and more, Zhang Zong then turned off the fire and picked up the wide-mouth porcelain cup containing nitroglycerin. Considering that there might be no reaction in it, Zhang Zong added some glycerin to ensure that the nitric acid reaction was complete. After all, this thing is a medicine, and it is okay to have more glycerin, but if there is too much nitric acid, it will burn the skin.

"Brother Shi, what's in this...?" Xue Shao approached Zhang Zong in awe at this time and asked. It was precisely because he couldn't understand Zhang Zong's operations, and Zhang Zong said that this thing was highly poisonous, which made him feel awe.

"This is a good medicine to treat the prince's angina pectoris!" Zhang Zong smiled confidently. Although he had hesitated before, after considering this period of time, he decided to help Li Hong treat his illness, not only because he had a good impression of Li Hong, but also a very important reason.
Chapter completed!