Chapter 430 Painful Reform
On August 10, 1692, on the Ukrainian prairie, a convoy with flying military flags arrived at the Lost Port of Tutuo.
Tutuo Lost is a new port that was established in recent years. It belongs to the Crimean Khanate. The later generations were named Mariupol. It is one of the most important ports in Ukraine in the Azov area. The Crimean Khan has been committed to reform over the years. The original semi-feudal and semi-nomadic system has begun to move closer to the feudal dynasty model. Now, the incumbent Sairim Grey Khan, with the support of the East Coast, has gathered a lot of power from the chiefs of various tribes and feudal lords, and the centralized level of the central government is becoming increasingly higher.
Now, the number of new troops directly under the control of Grey Khan has reached nearly 40,000, and he has asked the lords and nobles from all over the country to pay a batch of taxes twice a year to maintain the expenses of this army. From this we can see that the Crimean Khanate has currently had a national tax system, although this system still looks relatively rough.
Although the degree of firearming of these 40,000 new troops is not as good as that of the army of mainstream Western European countries, to be honest, it is not much worse than that of the Russians and Poles. After years of transformation by military advisers on the East Coast, the organizational structure of this army is now more modern, unlike the previous chaotic nomadic army with a strong grassland style.
Of course, Grey Khan did not have to give up his old army. After all, in the previous two wars with the Russians, the ones who acted as the main force were the temporary recruitment of old troops. These old troops, with a population of about 50,000, were mainly cavalry, with their own horses, dry food, and weapons, and beat the Russians to the point of overwhelming the horses and making immortal contributions. More importantly, these old troops maintained the cost of maintaining extremely low, serving the people in peacetime and soldiers in wartime. The Khan only needed to allocate some cattle, sheep and property before the war started to make them die. This has always been the main way of military organization for the grassland nation.
But Sairim Grekhan is not an ordinary person who has no knowledge! He has visited Turkey and the loaned Haji County on the east coast for many times, and realized that the times are different now. With the popularity of professional soldiers (standing army) and the deepening of the construction of military forces in various countries, the combat effectiveness of medieval troops will become increasingly insufficient. Just look at the Austrian army. Vienna has devoted great effort to build over the years. The elite field troops are basically composed of professional soldiers, supplemented by temporary recruitment militias and mercenaries (this part is actually a professional army), and their combat effectiveness is rolling upward. The entire Ottoman Empire, the only ones who can fight with these elite Austrian troops are the Ghanisari Legion and Spasi Legion, which are also part of the standing army. The other farmers who conquered from the ground are not opponents at all, and they cannot even handle the Italian coalition organized by the Pope.
Professional soldiers take combat as their careers, have rich experience, strong will, frequent training, and sufficient logistics. How can they be compared to the rabble farmers? If they really withdraw from the center of the stage, the scale of the war will increase by hundreds of thousands or even millions. The country cannot afford the fully professional army. After the conscript system becomes popular, the conscripts are also based on professional soldiers, otherwise they will be useless!
Of course, the 40,000 new troops of the Crimean Khanate were not considered purely professional soldiers. In fact, for a few months of the year, a considerable number of them would return their weapons, then go home to farm, grazing, and wait until autumn and winter to uniformly recruit and train. The reason is that the Crimean Khanate was too poor to afford the entire expenses of the 40,000 new troops, and it would save a little. In fact, if it weren't for the weapons sold at almost cost on the East Coast and the financial aid of the Ottoman Empire, they would not be able to maintain 20,000 new troops, which is a place they were not as good as the Russians.
However, no matter what, even though the Ottoman Empire is now in financial difficulties and has greatly reduced the financial and material assistance to the Crimean Khanate, Grey Khan still devoted all his efforts to maintain the new army. Even if he invested most of the fiscal revenue in it, he would do his best to invest in it. The new army is the foundation of his orders to the whole country and a tool for him to implement his will. Without these tens of thousands of troops, he would be deemed to be a great khan, because even a stronger tribal chief or feudal lord could slander him, which was unacceptable.
"This unit looks good. It is the best fighter among the new Crimean army, right?" Wu Yifei, the commander of the Haji security guard, held a cigarette butt in his mouth. He looked at the team passing by all the way and exclaimed.
"Of course we can fight. This is the troops of their capital division, the only full-professional military force among the four divisions." Sheng Dehong, ambassador of the East Coast to Ottoman, replied: "The other three divisions, the Prophet Division, the Capital Division, and the Black Sea Division are all semi-professional troops. Except for some of the backbones, most of them only train for half a year, so they are naturally not as majestic as the Capital Division."
Speaking of which, the new army of the Crimean Khanate was also completed under the advice of the East Coast Military Advisor. Their new army was organized into four divisions, including four infantry regiments, one cavalry regiment, and some technical troops, with a total of about 13,000 people; the Prophet Division, the Ba Capital Division, and the Black Sea Division are all small units, each with about 8,500 people. Today, the team of troops who came to the Lost Port of Tutuo was a part of the Cavalry regiment of the Capital Division, with about a hundred cavalry, escorting a large convoy to the port. On the way, they met the East Coast Ambassador Sheng Dehong and his group, and then made a group of people to reach the final destination.
The Tatars from the Capital Division unloaded a large number of daily necessities to designated locations, and at the same time, a batch of grain was planned to be sent to the Bayingoleng Port of the Weilath Mongols as soon as the cargo ship arrived. Food and daily necessities were produced nearby. According to the agreement with the East Coast people, they were sold to the Weilath Mongols at a discount to support their local colonial activities.
Regarding the Erath Mongols, the Crimean Tatars were confused and curious, and at the same time they had a hint of intimacy. This is actually easy to understand. The Tatars were descendants left by the Mongolian expedition in the West. Unlike the severe Europeanization of mixed races in later generations, the Tatars at this time still retained most of the characteristics of the yellow race, while the Erath Mongols were basically pure blood yellow races. In a sense, they were all "orphans" in the Black Sea area, so they should naturally be close.
The Crimean Khanate now has some cities with a large population of settlements. In addition to the capital Bekchisale, the fortress cities of Pilekopu and Salt Fort, most of them are located on the northern coast of the Black Sea. The emergence of these settled cities is also a strong proof that the development of the Crimean Khanate has entered a new stage, and it is also the main result of the continuous improvement of its economic strength. Settled cities and surrounding rural areas can produce a large amount of agricultural products, handmade products, and provide a large amount of tax revenue.
There is no doubt that all the cities in the Khanate are directly managed by Grey Khan, and their taxes are naturally owned by Grey Khan himself. I believe that with the continuous development of the economy, the gap between the Grey family, which has cities provided taxes, will become increasingly powerful with the lords of the country, and finally to the point where others are completely desperate. In this regard, the East Coast people made it clear to Khan himself that the system of the nomadic country is backward. Although they have defeated the Russians now, they are doing things randomly and commanding blindly. If the Crimean Khanate does not carry out painful reforms and reforms the existing crude system into a new system that is more suitable for the times, they will sooner or later be conquered by the Russians.
The Khan was wise. He accepted the suggestions of the East Coast people, but he also carried out reforms very carefully, fearing that too fierce measures would lead to opposition from the nobles or chiefs, and the country would cause unrest, which would only make the Russians cheap. Fortunately, they still have time now, and the Russians are also carrying out fierce social reforms, including collecting power from the nobles, establishing a more efficient tax system, introducing advanced Western technology, improving the treatment of serfs, etc. None of them is easy. In other words, both sides have their own worries. The Crimean Khanate wants to change the current mixed dual system of nomadic and feudalism into a centralized kingdom system. Russia faces more problems, and in short, there are still things to do.
Compared with the Crimean Khanate, the system of the Erath Mongols who had entered the North Caucasus region was too far behind. They were basically a traditional Mongolian nomadic regime, implementing the ancient chief deliberative system. The authority of the Khan was not absolute, it all depends on his own power and personal charm. It is also because of this that every time the Mongol Khan died, it would cause a bloody storm, and the country might face division, which is really painful. To put it bluntly, the Eight Kings Deliberative System in the early days of the Later Jin Dynasty was better than theirs.
Another point is that the production and operation methods of the Velat Mongols are mainly based on animal husbandry, which does not produce much economic benefits. And the most important thing is that this economic model cannot produce larger cities! Without cities, there will be no large-scale handicraft industry, and naturally more advanced machine industry cannot be evolved. Now Russia has a certain factory industry, and handicraft workshops are spread across many provinces. I don’t know how much stronger their production capacity is than the Mongols. Even though the Velat Mongols now occupy the North Caucasus region by favorable situations, when the gap between their strength and the Russians becomes larger and larger in the future, it is difficult to guarantee that they will not be retaken.
Sheng Dehong, who was born as an intelligence official, recently carefully studied all the information of the Weila Mongols and felt that the country's "survival ability" was really poor. Not only did there be serious problems in the transfer of power, but there were also great problems in material production, organizational structure, mobilization system, and cohesion. Compared with them, the situation of the Crimean Khanate, which has been a semi-nova semi-feudal system for many years, is much better, at least it is easier to reform.
"Capital Division? Hehe! The reform of the Crimean Khanate was stumbled, and there were loud local opposition. Fortunately, Grey Khan had this new army at hand, otherwise where would the country go. The Capital Division was the most tight army of Khan, and most of the equipment we sold was in the hands of this army. It was not only a powerful tool for dealing with the Russians, but also a good player in suppressing the country. It can be said to be the courage of Grey." After hearing Sheng Dehong's introduction, this was the capital division's troops, Wu Yifei nodded immediately. He was just busy rushing along the way, but he didn't ask the number of the troops. Then he suddenly heard the three words of the Capital Division and turned his gaze.
"The vested interests will not give up their power and benefits easily. If Grey Khan insists on deepening reforms, the country will continue to be in turmoil, and there may be human rebellion. This is the pot of their bad system, and there is no solution. It can only be seen whether they can be flattened one by one. If possible, then this country will have some insight. If the reform fails, then you can basically wait to die. The medieval country had a poor survival ability in this world of great struggles." Sheng Dehong shook his head and said in a worried tone: "The reform is more difficult and is still on the east side of the sea. The reform motivation of the Erath Mongols is much weaker than that of the Tatars. They feel that they are very majestic now and beat all sides, but they don't know that the crisis is coming."
"When the Russians put enough pressure on them, they will always be touched." Wu Yifei said.
"I hope they will have this opportunity at that time." Sheng Dehong sighed and said, "Commander Wu, let me go to the North Caucasus with me in a while. I want to meet Ayuqi Khan. Looking at the contents on the information, he seemed to be determined to return to the former place of Mongolia in the west of the Mo. Now that Galdan's old nest has been copied by his nephew, he can never return to the Junggar Khan Kingdom. Ayuqi Khan's enemy is gone, and I am worried that his mind will become alive. If you want to return to the east, it will be your and my dereliction of duty."
"He dares!" Wu Yifei immediately widened his eyes when he heard this and said, "Do you really think his rule is like an iron bucket? If he really has this intention, let him realize that some people must not ignore them, otherwise the consequences will be serious!"
"It's good to have this kind of spirit." Sheng Dehong smiled and said, "The gambling we played in the Black Sea is not very expensive. Well, the cards in our hands are not very good anymore, but we can't be discouraged. We have to find a way to play this bad deck. Crimea and Virat Mongolia have only a few people in total? It's more than one million! Russia is more than ten times theirs, and the power gap is already very large. I can only say that we can try our best."
"The Shan Ambassador, there are more than one million people! There are more than one and a half million people in Western Ukraine!" Wu Yifei reminded.
"Huh? Commander Wu, do you have any ideas about Western Ukraine when you say that?" Sheng Dehong asked.
"It's just a shallow idea." Wu Yifei nodded and said, "Western Ukraine is vast and has a large population. The most important thing is that they are not the same as Russia, and the possibility of surrendering will not be too great unless it is really at the end of the road. My thought is that after the little Khmelnikki of Western Ukraine was executed, the Ottoman Sultan handed it over to the Tatars for stewardship, but the Tatars and Cossacks are feuds, so how can this be managed well! Therefore, I think it's better to go back to the past and let the West go
Ukraine has re-alone from the hands of the Crimean Tatars and established a regime to let them manage themselves. Anyway, it is almost the same now. In this way, it should be much better than letting the Tatars manage a few things, and they can also put in more effort in dealing with the Russians. Ambassador, I think you can work hard on this matter. The Ottomans are actually very indifferent, and the Tatars should not be too resistant. They did not get much profit from Western Ukraine."
Chapter completed!