The Patagonia region is mainly located in Argentina, with a small part belonging to Chile. ∑, which includes almost all the land in the southern part of Argentina. It covers an area of ​​about 673,000 square kilometers (260,000 square miles), consisting of vast grasslands and deserts, extending from 37° south to 51° south. Its border is approximately to the Patagonian Andes Mountains around the west, the Colorado River on the north, the Atlantic Ocean on the east, and the Magellan Strait in the south; Tierra del Fuego, on the south side of the strait, belongs to Argentina and Chile, and is usually included in Patagonia.

"Giant Foot" - Patagonia (patagonia)

The Patagonian Plateau starts from the Colorado River at 36° south latitude in the north, reaches Tierra Tierra Tierra in the south, connects to the Andes in the west, and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. It covers an area of ​​786,938 square kilometers, accounting for about 28% of Argentina's territory. It includes four provinces of Neuquen, Rionegro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra Tierra. It is a place with a relatively unique natural geographical environment.

Patagonia is connected to the Andes Mountains in the west, with snow peaks and volcanoes, and glaciers intersecting with dense forests, which has a large number of national parks and nature reserves. The Perito Moreno Glacier, located in the Glacier National Park in the southwest of Santa Cruz Province, is as high as 3600m and stretches for 200km. The ice is constantly moving and breaking, and the whistling mountain wind is filled with thunderous sounds. There are 21 lakes of all sizes and a small one in the Lanin National Park in the northwest of Neuken Province.

The Lanin extinct volcano at an altitude of 3774m. It also preserves ancient primeval forests, with high trees, thick trunks, lush branches and leaves, vigorous and upright. In Patagonia, there are also magnificent natural landscapes such as the Blanca Swamp Nature Reserve in Neuquen Province, Pereto Moreno National Park in Santa Cruz Province, Tierra Tierra National Park, and the Valdes Peninsula National Ocean Park in Chubut Province, as well as precious animals such as llamas, vultures, jaguars, sea lions, walruses, penguins, etc.

In the eastern part of Patagonia, there are deserts and semi-desert plateaus dominated by vast terraces. They are tilted in a stepped manner from west to east, while in the eastern part they are steep cliffs towards the Atlantic Ocean. Influenced by ancient glaciers and modern arid climates, there are many ice erosion valleys, moraine hills, and ice margin lakes on the surface, as well as a variety of wind erosion and wind accumulation landforms.

Patagonia has harsh climate conditions and is known as the "terroir plateau". Due to the narrow continental area, the leeward position of the Andes Mountains and the coastal Falkland cold current, the desert reaches the east coast, but the continental characteristics are not very strong, and there are no extreme low and high temperatures in winter and summer. The average temperature in July is 0c-4c, and the average temperature in January is 12c-20c. The precipitation is sparse, and the annual precipitation in the whole region does not exceed 300mm, and it shows a decreasing trend from west to east. The wind is strong. The wind is often blowing strong winds with a speed of more than 110km, and dust storms are constantly blowing.

The Andes, the longest mountain in the world, creates strange shapes here, with tower peaks standing in groups, like totem worship and bamboo shoots. The Andes on the Patagonian Plateau travels north and south, Chile to the west, and Argentina to the east. The most famous peaks here are Fitzroy and Cerrotorre. Many travelers talk about these two tower peaks, using beauty instead of beauty, but with wonder! The climbing movements that take place here are mainly rock and ice mixed climbing types. Chaltenfitzroy and cerrotorre are the "fighting" stage for world-class experts.

Fitzroy Peak, in the eastern mountains of the Patagonian ice sheet, is a series of vertical rocks

A peak among the rocky peaks. Several compact mountain peaks stand suddenly along the glaciers, while the Fitzroy series peaks look particularly eye-catching and spectacular. Its rocky tower-shaped mountain is so incredibly steep that for climbers, it is the most beautiful rocky wall in the world.

Fitzroy Peak, the Tverches in Patagonia, reverently called it "chalten", meaning "a mountain that swallows clouds and fogs". The top of Fitzroy Peak is often covered with smoke, so before the French reached the summit in 1970, people mistakenly thought it was a volcano. The Tverches on the plateau nomadly migrated from the Atlantic coast to the Andes in summer, and were marked by Fitzroy's prominent mountain shape and clouds. Cerro means mountain peaks in Spanish, and the international name of fitzroy. It was named after the captain of the British "Hound" in the 19th century. This famous explorer had investigated here for quite some time. It was his second trip that he brought Darwin out and made him a great man in human naturalism.

The Patagonian Plateau is an important region in Argentina and South America. In Spanish, "Patagonia" means "Gianzu". The Patagonian Plateau has unique natural environment, rich mineral resources, and has a certain economic foundation and huge development potential.

In 1519, he traveled around the world with Magellan to Antonio Pigafeta, an Italian scholar near the Rivadavia City today. He saw the local indigenous people, the Patagon people wearing fat, bulky and heavy animal leather shoes. He left huge footprints on the beach and named it Patagon. Magellan, who was born in the Portuguese knight family, named it Patagon (the protagonist of a famous knight novel in the 16th century), and the Spanish meaning of "patagon" also refers to the person with big feet. It is 200 years long in the north and south.

Patagonia, 0 km from the United States, extends at the southernmost end of South America. It is located between the Colorado River and Cape Horn at the southern end of the American continent, with an area of ​​900,000 square kilometers. It borders the cold ice layer of Antarctica in the south, and the Papens grassland with high grass and fat cowboys flying in the north. Patagonia is hidden in it, hiding its vast melancholy. Even not long ago, this place was like the legendary land, and this vast and sparsely populated area is still synonymous with remoteness - "inisterrae" (Spanish), which means the final end of the earth.

At the end of the 16th century, the Spanish wanted to colonize the coastal areas of Patagonia to eliminate British pirates, but the plan to establish a Jesuit colony in the bay of Sanmatias failed. In 1778, Britain tried to colonize the above-mentioned bay. The Spanish responded that they first established two cities in Patagonia: San Jose and Bedema. From 1780 to 1807, the Spanish established a colony in the port of Deseado, but three years later there were no European colonies in the region.

After Argentina's independence, until the conquest of the Indians through the "Conquer the Desert" campaign in the 1870s, Patagonia was almost unattainable. After that, the Argentine government planned to immigrate to the region and make it an integral part of the country. Although people settled here for various reasons, such as developing economic resources and enjoying religious and political freedom, immigration was still not very enthusiastic. The local underground wealth particularly attracted immigrants from Chile, and Chileans wanted temporary work rather than long-term settlements, which now accounted for the largest part of the population. Except for the Rivadavian Navy City and the towns upstream of the Negro River Basin, which had larger populations. Patagonia was sparsely populated, mainly in the rural areas.

Patagonia has unique hydrological conditions. Although the desert is vast, the inflow area is small. The inflow area is limited to a narrow area between the Negro and Chubut Rivers. In other areas, rivers in other areas have become rivers that transit through the country due to the supply of mountain ice and snow melting water or ice erosion lakes. However, they are restricted by the drought climate. Among the many rivers, only the Colorado River, Negro River and Chubut River are abundant in shipping, irrigation and power generation. They have become a valley plain base for developing agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry industries in Patagonia.

The entire South American lakes are poor, but on the eastern foot of the Andes Mountains in Patagonia, there are ice-eroded lakes and moraine lakes that are widely distributed, with more than 300 large and small, forming the only important lake group in South America.

Hydrology

The two banks are deep and wide river valleys with cliffs. From west to east, they cut into the terrace. These valleys are the beds of rivers that flowed from the Andes to the Atlantic Ocean in the past. Only a few rivers that originate from the Andes still have annual flowing water (such as the Colorado River, Negro River, Chubut River, Senguerr River, Chico River and Santa Cruz River, etc.). Most river valleys may have intermittent flowing water - such as the Kochi River, which originated from the Andes (c

The Oig River and the Gallegos River, or dry rivers that have completely dried up in the entire or part of the river section, such as the de Seado River, are now beyond recognition due to the influence of wind and sand, and there is no sign of river water flowing through the surface. There are other rivers, such as the Perdido River, which flow into shallow salt flats and salt ponds and stop. The bottom of the gorge is very deep, mostly alluvial coarse sand and gravel. It has the function of making up for the insufficient surface water of underground reservoirs.

The middle area between the Patagonia platform and the Patagonian Andes Mountains is a series of lakes in glacier troughs or ice buckets. These ice buckets are blocked by other forms of glaciers such as moraine layers or loose and unlayered moraines to form lakes. To the north of Lake Nahuelvapi, all lakes except Lake Laar flow into the Atlantic Ocean; to the south of Lake Nahuelvapi, all lakes flow into the Pacific through deep valleys, which were formed by Cordillera being eroded from top to bottom and cut off in the east-west direction.

In Patagonia, the soil north of the Negro River is the best quality, especially soil formed by volcanic rocks. The soil to the south gradually becomes barren and stone-filled, and there are often large areas of pebbles on the ground.

climate

Patagonia is affected by the westerly air flow in the South Pacific, and the humid ocean air is brought into the mainland. The westerly air flow blows across the west coast of South America and the Andes Mountains. Due to the decrease in humidity in cooling and condensation, the air is already dry when entering Patagonia. Patagonia can be divided into two climate zones, south and north. The dividing line starts from about 39° south of the Andes range to about 43° south of the Valdes Peninsula.

The northern area is a semi-arid area. The annual average temperature is about 12-20c (54-68f), the recorded maximum temperature is about 41-45c (106-113f), and the lowest temperature is -11--5c (12-f). The sunshine time is the shortest along the coast, and the most abundant inland to the northwest. The annual rainfall is about 90-430 cm (3.5-17 inches). Dry, bitter and strong southwest winds are prevalent.

The climate in the southern region is very different from the wet weather in Ande Scordillera to the west. The northern part of the southern region is actually not affected by the Atlantic Ocean - perhaps because of its high altitude along the coast, it reaches 274-548 meters (900-1,800 feet) around the Bay of Sanje. Although the harsh westerly winds in the Pacific and the cold Falkland currents off the Atlantic Ocean have some influence. In the southern region, as the latitude increases, the terrain is increasingly peninsula and is affected by the Atlantic Ocean. The climate in the southern region is cold, dry, and the temperature along the coast

The degree is higher than that of the mainland and there are strong westerly winds. The annual average temperature is 4-13c (40-55f), the highest temperature is about 34c (93f), and the lowest temperature is -9--33c (16°-27f). Heavy snow falls in winter and frost throughout the year. Spring and autumn are only a short transition period between summer and winter. The annual average precipitation is about 127-203 cm (5-8 inches), but there have been records of up to 483 cm (19 inches). The arid areas in the central region have less precipitation, but the sunshine time is longer than that of coastal and Andes Cordiller.

plant

The narrow striped area on the western edge of Patagonia has vegetation similar to the nearby Cordillera Mountain, mainly deciduous and coniferous forests. The vast plateau area is divided into two areas, south and north, each with its obvious characteristics.

The larger steppe in the north extends southward to around 46° south latitude. In the north, there are drought-tolerant shrub forest vegetation, which gradually transforms into open shrubs to the south. These shrubs can reach up to 1 to 2 meters (3 to 7 feet). In sandy areas, the grass grows very lush, while salt-tolerant grasses and shrubs on saline-alkali flat lands occupy a major position. The areas south of 46° south latitude are even drier, with low vegetation, obviously sparse, and almost no water is needed.

animal

Among Patagonian birds are herons and other wading birds, carnivorous birds include shield eagles, sparrow hawks and insectivorous Caracala eagles; and the near-extinct Jewelry. The typical marsupials in the place are possums (a type of the Weasel family). There are various bats, including a long-eared variant. Armadillos, South American armadillos (little armadillos), foxes, ferrets, North American skunks, bobtails and cougars, as well as Patagonian guinea pigs and a variety of introduced rodents, such as rabbits and cobs.

Geological structure

Patagonia Plateau is the Patagonia platform. Between the Negro River and the Buchut River, there are the shield regions of crystalline rock systems such as ancient granite, crystal slate, gneiss, and Banyan. Other parts are overlaid with Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rock systems, and there are still Tertiary basalt distribution in some areas. The trace elements of Pleistocene-Questian alkali basalt in the Patagonian Plateau lava in the southern end of South America and isotope composition of sr, nd, pb and o

The Patagonian Plateau lava at the southern end of South America was formed by volcanic activities that began in the Late Breece or the early Cenozoic and periodically continued to the Holocene. The base of the plateau lava is an older and wider subaltitude basalt. The overlying rock is an important part of the lava, mainly the Pliocene-Quadria alkaline basalt with a narrow distribution range.

oil

The special tectonic foundation and complex geological conditions have created Patagonia's good resource environment and abundant mineral conditions. Patagonia is the region with the most beautiful development prospects in Argentina.

The special tectonic foundation and complex geological conditions have created Patagonia's good resource environment and abundant mineral conditions. Patagonia is the region with the most beautiful development prospects in Argentina.

The special tectonic foundation and complex geological conditions have created a good resource environment and abundant mineral resources in Patagonia.
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