506-Waimei River

After Tianchao, Ace and his group of people landed at Kunming International Airport, they hurriedly got into the nanny car and rushed to the city. After negotiation and communication on the plane, Ace and Nolan decided to go to Kunming to see if the scene could be filmed, mainly where the ancient street is worth seeing.\\9vk.com first release\\

The group of foreigners did not attract other people's attention. After all, there were many foreigners who came to Kunming this month. In addition, they also decided to fly to China to get the outdoor location. After checking in, everyone hurried back to the room to rest. Even Suxi did not run to Ace's room to make trouble, but rested in his own room.

However, Ace, who usually has a lot of energy, flew to Paris after passing Los Angeles and then to Kunming. He was also exhausted at this time. He just wanted to leave himself in bed and rest for a night before talking about it, and he also suffered from the jet lag.

Although Ace was tired, he still couldn't rest now. He had to organize the revised script and add lines to memorize his scenes. So he now hated his worst, why did he promise Nolan to come to Kunming? If he stayed in Paris, the script would not need to be modified, the investment would not increase, and he would not have to be so tired.

Lijiang is located at the connection between the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the northwest of Yunnan Province. It has a longitude of 100.25 east and a latitude of 26.86 north. It connects the Tibetans of Diqing in the north, the Bai people of Dali in the south, the Lisu people of Nujiang in the west, and the Yi people of Liangshan in Sichuan and Panzhihua in the east. The total area is 20,600 square kilometers. It is under the jurisdiction of the old urban areas, Yulong Naxi people, Yongsheng, Huaping, and Ninglang Yi people, with a total of 69 townships (towns) and 446 villagers' committees, with a total population of more than 1.2 million.

The central altitude of Lijiang District is 2,418 meters. It is known as the "four best preserved ancient cities" together with Langzhong, Sichuan, Pingyao, Shanxi, and She, Anhui. Lijiang has been a place where many ethnic groups live since ancient times, with 12 inhabited ethnic groups, including 233,700 Naxi, 201,400 Yi, and 106,200 Lisu. Among them, the Naxi people account for 57.7% of the total population of the Old City and Yulong County (i.e., the former Lijiang County), and the author is "Guiyuan in the country and Lijiang in the clouds."

At this time, Nolan was like a child who found candy, holding a camera and the photographer of this movie was like a pervert who met a beauty. He started shooting as soon as he entered the city. Ace, who was sitting in the car, was still dozing off, and his nose was blowing out a bubble from time to time, and he was half asleep and half awake.

After staying in Kunming for one night, Nolan used financial shortage to get everyone ready to go and board the plane and rushed to Sanyi Airport in Lijiang. He had just got off the plane, and Nolan was so excited that he and the photographer could no longer stop filming from the plane.

In Nolan's words, it was the photos he took personally this time. He didn't have to pay for the crew, he did it himself. Of course, they did not use film but digital cameras.

The ancient city of Lijiang began to take shape in the Southern Song Dynasty and has a history of eight or nine hundred years. Since the Ming Dynasty, the ancient city of Lijiang was called "Dayanxiang". It was named because it is located in the center of Lijiang Dam, surrounded by green mountains on all sides, and a green field lingering in green water, which looks like a large jasper inkstone.

Historical Trajectory:

During the Warring States Period, Lijiang belonged to Shu County, Qin State, Han State belonged to Yue County, and the Three Kingdoms belonged to Yunnan County. The Southern Dynasties was Suiduan County, and around this time the ancestors of the Naxi tribe moved here.

The ancient city of Lijiang was once the territory of Yaozhou Governor's Office during the Tang Dynasty, and later it was Tubo and Nanzhao, known as Sangchuan, and belonged to the Jiedu of Jianchuan.

The Song Dynasty was the Shanju County of Dali, and the city was built. Kublai Khan fought in Dali in the south. After crossing the Jinsha River with Genang, the troops were stationed here to train. The "Aying" site was still there. At that time, there were more than a thousand residents. In the 13th year of Zhiyuan, it was changed to Lijiang Road. The name of Lijiang began here and was named after it was surrounded by Lijiang (ancient name of Jinsha River).

The palaces created by the local chieftain Mu family were very gorgeous in the late Ming Dynasty. In his travel notes, Xu Xiake said that his "beautiful palaces are considered to be kings", while Lijiang Prefecture was "richest in the earthly counties". "The Biography of the Yunnan Tusi in the Ming Dynasty" says that "the officials in Yunnan are knowledgeable about poetry and calligraphy, and are polite and righteous, and are headed by the Mu family in Lijiang." The name of Fucheng Dayan also began in the Ming Dynasty. Because it is located in the center of Lijiang Bazi, surrounded by green mountains, and looks like a giant inkstone, it is named Dayan (Inkstone) .\\9vk.com First published\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\

The Qing Dynasty was Lijiang Prefecture. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723), the land was changed to set up a stream, ending the hereditary rule of the Mu family chieftain since the Yuan Dynasty. In the 35th year of Qianlong (1770), Lijiang County was established.

Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County was established in 1961, which belongs to the Lijiang area.

In December 1997, the Lijiang Ancient City was successfully applied for a World Cultural Heritage, filling the gap in China's historical and cultural cities in the world cultural heritage.

In April 2003, Lijiang was abolished and established a city, and the original Lijiang area was converted into Lijiang, and the original Lijiang Naxi Autonomous County was divided into the old urban area and the Yulong Naxi people.

After the Qing Dynasty changed its policy of land reincarnation in 1723, Lijiang's culture became a complex of Naxi culture and Han culture. Compared with the Naxi people in Zhongdian Baidi (the birthplace of the East Ba religion of Naxi) on the west bank of the Jinsha River and the Mosuo people in the East Lugu Lake area of ​​Jinsha River, the Naxi community in Lijiangba District was more influenced and assimilated by the Central Plains Han culture. This assimilation process gradually accelerated in the 1996 earthquake and the development of tourism industry since then.

Now that Ace and the others have arrived here, it is still OK according to the current month. The autumn weather in Lijiang (September-November): the temperature is about 5c-23c, and rainy days and cloudy days account for one-third. So if they want to take a real shot, they still need to look at God's face. However, Ace feels that even if the shooting is delayed here for a month, Nolan and everyone will not feel bored, because this place is really great. Ace regrets not coming with Avril. However, today is a dream come true. I will come here specifically for the next holiday.

Lijiang's most advantageous and development potential mainly includes tourism resources, biological resources and hydropower resources.

Tourism resources are mainly represented by "two mountains, one city, one lake, one river, one culture, and one custom".

The Ershan Mountain is Yulong Snow Mountain and Laojun Mountain. Yulong Snow Mountain is a national scenic spot, a provincial nature reserve and a tourism development zone. The scenic area is about 26,300 hectares. There are modern marine glaciers closest to the equator in the northern hemisphere. There are more than 20 preserved and intact pristine forest communities and 59 rare wild animals. They are known as the "Glacier Museum" and the "Animal and Plant Treasure House". Laojun Mountain is the core scenic area of ​​"Three Rivers Flowing in the Same River". It has a total area of ​​842.64 square kilometers. There is a unique Danxia landform in the area, dense pristine forests and rich species, and undestroyed animal and plant communities. There are more than 280 seed plants, 79 families, 167 genera, many of which are rare and endangered plants.

A city, namely the ancient city of Lijiang, was built in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty, with a history of more than 800 years. The total area of ​​the ancient city is about 3.8 square kilometers. It was listed as a national historical and cultural city in 1986 and was listed on the World Cultural Heritage List on December 4, 1997.

A lake, namely Lugu Lake, is located in Ninglang County. It is one of the nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province. The lake surface is 2,685 meters above sea level, with an area of ​​48.45 square kilometers, an average water depth of 40.3 meters, and the deepest is 93.5 meters. The Lugu Lake Scenic Area has been listed as a provincial nature reserve and a provincial tourist resort in Yunnan Province.

One river is the Jinsha River. The Jinsha River flows through Lijiang 651 kilometers and has unique landscapes along the route. The most representative attractions include the First Bay of the Yangtze River, Tiger Leaping Gorge and Baoshan Stone City.

One culture, namely the Naxi Dongba culture, includes Dongba hieroglyphs, Naxi ancient music, Dongba scriptures, Dongba paintings, architectural art and religious culture, etc., with rich content and profoundness.

The first style is Mosuo style. The Mosuo people who live on the shore of Lugu Lake still retain the matriarchal marriage custom of "men do not marry, women do not marry".

The biological resources are rich and diverse. There are more than 13,000 plants in the city, accounting for more than 70% of the plant species in the province. The eight famous flowers in Yunnan and the nationally protected plants Davidia involucia, yew, tri-pointed cypress, treya, ginkgo, etc. are widely distributed in Lijiang. The Sino-UK cooperation reconstruction project--Lijiang Alpine Botanical Garden jointly built by Lijiang and the Royal Botanical Garden of Edinburgh, England, was laid on May 18, 2001. Lijiang is one of the key forest areas in Yunnan Province, with 1.5 million hectares of forestry land and a forest coverage rate of 40.3%. 98.2% of Lijiang's land area belongs to the Jinsha River basin area and is a key area for the implementation of the Tianbao Project in the country.

The abundant plant resources provide a good environment for various animals to survive and reproduce. According to statistics, there are 83 species of animals in the region, accounting for 29.6% of the total animal species in Yunnan; there are more than 290 species of birds, accounting for 37.6% of the total bird species in Yunnan. Lijiang has also abundant medicinal materials and other developing biological resources, with 444 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials, only more than 200 kinds of development and utilization; Cheng Hai of Yongsheng is the only lake in China that can naturally grow spirulina, and has now built the world's largest spirulina production base with an annual output of 1,000 tons; the development of special biological resources such as shanyucai and ginger has also achieved initial results.

Sifang Street is located in the center of Lijiang Ancient City, with four forks leading to the ancient city. It is next to a bar street, which is very lively and many photography enthusiasts are waiting for the best moment to take photos of the ancient city.

Sifang Street in Lijiang has been called "Dayan" since ancient times. It is surrounded by green mountains, green fields in the dam, and springs linger in the water, which is like a jade inkstone, so it has this fate. It was built in the late Song and early Yuan dynasties. According to legend, because Lijiang's hereditary prefect surnamed wood was a taboo to turn it into the word "四" after building the city wall, so the city wall was not built. The city area is centered on Sifang Street and four avenues, and each main road has alleys to follow, with alleys connected alleys and no dead ends.

Now Ace is in a good mood. She paid out of her own pocket to rent a super large antique villa for everyone in the crew. Not to mention, Ace really wants to buy a set here, but she just doesn't give me any advice on whether there is any way. He is a dragon seed in foreign skins, so he still knows a little about this kind of thing.

The evolution of this local culture is particularly reflected in the ancient city of Lijiang, which has the highest degree of sinicization. After the earthquake in 1996 and the rapid development of tourism, the Yunnan dialect of Chinese gradually replaced Naxi speaking and became the mainstream language in the ancient city community, and the young Naxi couple also began to educate their children in Chinese. Before 1990, Naxi's oral language in the ancient city was a default social communication tool, even if their children received Chinese education in school.

However, Naxi family and Naxi teenagers communicated in Naxi. The booming tourism industry in 1996 brought confidence to the people of Lijiang. Driven by commercial interests, Chinese dialects replaced Naxi spoken language and became a communication tool for Lijiang (ancient city), which made the future of Naxi traditional culture even more severe. However, with the songs of Naxi Jingdi, Naxi Jingdi, Dongbaji Nikkei and other Naxi languages ​​popular in the ancient city, which means that the trend of returning Naxi local culture is emerging.

Just like today's patriarchal society of Han nationality, most of the Naxi families in Lijiangba District are dominated by men. Unlike the Mosuo female patriarchal system in Lugu Lake, Naxi women bear heavier housework and social obligations than Han women.

In the ancient city of Lijiang, it is very common for men in their forties to raise flowers and birds, which gives people the impression that the Naxi people are too satisfied with the status quo and are not enterprising. In fact, in addition to mastering the family, it is also related to Lijiang's traditional commercial economy rather than handicraft economy. Naxi women not only have to undertake housework, but also have to make money to support their families. In the original Sifang Street vegetable market in the ancient city, most of the people who sell meat were middle-aged women, while men collect money on the side to watch. In the 1980s, a reporter from the South China Morning Post saw this scene at the gate of the ancient city, and concluded that the Naxi community still retained the matriarchal legacy.

Before the Mongols conquered Lijiang in 1253, Naxi in Lijiang and Mosuo in Lugu Lake were both in a maternal society. After 1253, the Mu family, which tended toward the Han culture in the Central Plains, gradually affected the Naxi family by the patriarchal system of the Han people. In 1723, the Han officials replaced the Mu family to rule Lijiang. A large number of Han values, including the norms of patriarchal society and the marriage system arranged by parents, began to prevail. Naxi women not only lost their grasp of the family, but also because of the freedom of love and sexual freedom, they were resisted by the Confucian Han system. The number of Naxi girls who died of love increased sharply. Some men and women who had privately decided to live for life moved across the Jinsha River to the Mosuo community to find free love.

The young men and women born after the 1970s no longer follow the traditional values. Like the new and new humans on the mainland, they searched for the free spirit that Naxi's ancestors once had from the cultures that poured into the West.

The Naxi people once believed in Buddhism, Lamaism, and Taoism in history. However, unlike some ethnic groups whose lifestyle is deeply influenced by religion, the Naxi people do not believe in a certain religion. In today's Lijiang, it is difficult to find very devout believers even among the elderly Naxi people. Dongba religion was an primitive religion in ancient Naxi, but it was more elite than a commoner religion.

Naxi spoken language is the main language of Lijiang and Naxi communities in Ba District. In Lijiang Ancient City, the Han Chinese Yunnan dialect (also known as Yunnan dialect) is the most widely spoken language, but Naxi spoken language is used among family members in the ancient city of Naxi. The younger generation of Lijiang can speak Mandarin Chinese, while some young people engaged in tourism can speak fluent English. Since some older generation of Naxi elderly people have received Western-style basic education from church schools, they can see ancient sperm on the streets of Lijiang Ancient City.

It is not a strange thing for the elderly to communicate freely with foreigners in English. The famous Lijiang celebrity Xuanke even made foreigners famous with fluent English. Driven by commercial interests, the Chinese dialect replaces Naxi spoken language and became a communication tool for Lijiang (ancient city), which made the future of Naxi traditional culture even more severe. However, with the dance songs, Naxi Jingdi, Dongbaji Nikke and other Naxi songs are popular in the ancient city, which means that the return trend of Naxi local culture is emerging in the small Luoshui village embraced by Goddess Mountain of Gem.

Most of the houses in Naxi are civil structures. The more common forms are as follows: three fangs and one screen wall, four-in-one five patios, front and back yards, two courtyards, etc. Among them, the house and one screen wall are the most basic and most common house forms among the houses in Naxi, Lijiang. In terms of structure, the main house and one fang are higher, facing the south, facing the screen wall. It is mainly for the elderly to live; the east and west fangs are slightly lower and are lived by the next generation; the patio is for life, and is mostly paved with bricks and stones, and is often beautified with flowers and plants. If there is a house facing the street, residents use it as a pavement. The three fangs and one screen wall houses in rural areas are slightly different from those in towns. Generally speaking, the three fangs have two floors, the main house facing the east and the fangs and the fangs and one fangs are living downstairs, and the upstairs are used as warehouses, and the north

A building in Lijiang is used as a livestock stable, and the upstairs are stored in the forage. In addition to being used for daily use, the patio is also used for production (such as drying millet or processing grain). Therefore, the patio in rural areas is slightly larger and the floor is smooth, and it is not paved with bricks and stones. In addition, one of the most prominent features of Naxi houses is that no matter urban or rural areas, there is a large Xiazi in front of every house (i.e., an outer corridor). Xiazi is one of the most important components of the Naxi houses in Lijiang, which is inseparable from the pleasant climate of Lijiang. Therefore, the Naxi people have a Some rooms have functions such as eating and meeting guests to Xiazili. In terms of architectural design, architectural style and art, the Naxi houses in Dayan Ancient City are the most distinctive. The ancient city is located in Lijiangba, with a location located near Xiangshan Mountain in the north and Jinghong Mountain in the west and Shizi Mountain in the west. In the city, the Yuquan water flowing from the foot of Xiangshan Mountain flows from the northwest of the ancient city to the under Yulong Bridge, and is divided into three tributaries: Xihe, Zhonghe and Donghe, and then divided into countless tributaries flowing through the streets and alleys in the ancient city.

The Mosuo people mainly live on the shore of Lugu Lake in Ninglang County. For a long time, the Mosuo people live on the mountains and rivers. The houses are all made of wooden structures, and the four walls are cut on the two ends of the peeled logs. They are commonly known as wooden houses, roof panels, commonly known as house panels. The Mosuo people have special skills in building house panels, which do not leak rain.

Houses are generally three fangs and one screen wall or a courtyard house, divided into main house, sutra hall or wing room, dormitory building, and some are also called flower building, gate tower, also called grass building. The main house is for family collective activities, and is a place for discussion, cooking and sacrificial work. The wing room is called the building of the sutra hall, and the lama house or Buddha statues are placed on the upper floor, while single men are housed for guests are houses for women. The dormitory building or flower building is mainly for women to live in. The door tower is placed on the door tower, and there are stables on both sides of the gate downstairs. The gate of the Mosuo house is generally opened to the east or north. The well courtyard is larger, and there are red and white weddings, which are held in the well courtyard. The main house is complex structure, with a wall behind the house to store food, and serve as an elderly living room. The right side of the main house is home. The housewife's living room. In the main house, there is a stove in one corner. There is a shrine on the corner of the stove, with statues, offerings and vases placed on it. A fire pit is located below the high stove. The main position is on the right of the fire pit and the guest position on the left, so it cannot be confused. There are two large pillars in the room, divided into the left column and the right column. The left column is a male column and the right column is a female column. When the Mosuo people cut down these two pillars, they must use a tree, one section on the top is the left column and one section at the bottom is the right column. When holding the Ding Ceremony, the man is held on the left side and the woman is held on the right column. From the above introduction, it can be seen that the Mosuo people's house building structure is in line with religious letters, marriage form and family organization, and has a unique national style.

At this time, Ace and his group followed Nolan and the photographer and were completely immersed in the beautiful environment of the ancient city of Lijiang...


Chapter completed!