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"Agriculture, industry and commerce are equally important?" Li Hu immediately understood what Fan Zhichang meant.,

"Yes." Fan Zhichang said, "We use agriculture as the basis, commerce and trade development to drive the development of handicraft industry, and create more wealth through the development of handicraft industry, thereby promoting the increase of wealth in Middle Earth. With the increase of wealth in Middle Earth, the court took the initiative when redistributing wealth, so that the wealth of the kingdom, bureaucrats, wealthy merchants and ordinary people can increase with the increase of wealth in Middle Earth, and then form a balance of interests and achieve the ultimate goal of enriching the country and strengthening the people. In this way, our reform will be successful."

"So, I think our reform strategy should be to vigorously develop handicrafts and commerce on the basis of ensuring agriculture. This not only breaks away from the shackles of "suppressing annexation" and "not suppressing annexation", but also alleviates the fierce conflict of interest between the court, bureaucrats, wealthy merchants and ordinary people, eases the contradictions between officials and the people, thereby ensuring the steadily advance of the reform of the court, ensuring that the national strength of China and Turkey is rapidly strengthened and the great cause of unification is completed."

Li Hu fell into deep thought.

Fan Zhichang's transformation is brand new, something he has never seen in books, and it is also a new method that the ancestors of the past have never tried.

Fan Zhichang talked endlessly and continued to explain his reform strategies. This time, he talked about the land system and land tax, and the foundation of the country.

"In history, whenever the dynasty changes, land annexation is also the most serious time. Land annexation has caused the people to have no land to cultivate and cannot survive, so it has risen. However, the people of this dynasty have risen up, not because they cannot survive. In order to prevent refugee riots, this dynasty has a complete recruitment and relief system to ensure that everyone has a meal and can survive, so there are very few riots in this dynasty."

"In the early days of the founding of the country, Wang Xiaobo of Sichuan and Shu Li Shun revolted because of the imperial court's tea monopoly policy; the Song Jiang Uprising in the past few years was because of the imperial court's policy of scraping fields; the Fang La Uprising in the south of the Yangtze River was also because of the monopoly policy; the Hebei Uprising was also because of the policy. All these policies reflected a characteristic: officials and the people competed for profit. In order to increase taxes, the court imposed heavy taxes, which forced the people to have no way to survive. These people rose up in order to resist tyranny."

"The land system in this dynasty was not established, and land was freely sold and land. Land annexation was the most serious period in all dynasties, but the people did not lose the opportunity to survive for serious land annexation, nor did they have any chance of survival.

On the contrary, they rebelled because of the exploitation of the court's new policy. Wang Xiaobo, Li Shun were tea merchants in Sichuan, Song Jiang was the owner of the manor in Liangshanbo, and Fang La was the employer of the lacquer garden. They were not farmers of arable land. They were all forced to rebel by the financial policies that plundered their wealth by the court to increase their taxes."

"Wang Jinggong's reform of the law was blocked by the old party and has not yet reached the point where officials forced the people to rebel. Cai Jing took charge of the government and drove all his opponents out of the court and did whatever he wanted, but the officials forced the people to rebel. Our reform is also a one-man show, and there is no opponent. The general commander can use his strong force to force the implementation of various reform policies, but it is even more dangerous. If there is a slight mistake, it will inevitably lead to a series of accidents and the consequences will be unimaginable."

"The Chief General and the Minister of the Court fully summarized the lessons of the failure of Wenjing. Gong and Cai Jing's reforms, especially in the financial system, and were even more careful, for fear of arousing public anger. But so far, the reforms of the court's financial system have been putting things right, and they are all transformed parts of the abolition of Cai Jing's new policy. They are basically following the idea of ​​Wenjing Gong's reforms and dare not usurp the slightest."

"Wenjing Gong's reform was a revision and improvement on the original system of the Song Dynasty. Although it helped the court improve the financial crisis, the effect was not obvious and it took a long time.

During that time, Duke Wen Jing tried to achieve immediate results, but his steps took too big and failed. After Cai Jing took office, his steps did not take too big, but he ran away, but failed in a terrible defeat."

"The reasons for the failure of the two are all the same, the financial system and the failure of reform. The two major taxes in this dynasty, land tax, are land tax, which are collected in rural areas. The second is commercial tax, which is mainly collected in cities. Others, such as the tax of the body and the official land tax, are limited. If you want to increase your tax revenue, you must find solutions to land tax and commercial tax."

"The land tax in this dynasty is. The two tax laws are to collect land tax once in autumn and summer. The land volume of this dynasty is basically fixed. When a large amount of land is merged, there is no possibility of land tax growth. You can only try every means to block the concealment of reports and omissions to ensure that the land tax does not decrease."

"There is no way to increase income from land tax. As long as you find a way to deal with commercial tax, Cai Jing's tea system, the new salt banknote law, and a series of plundering systems such as "Jiaozi" to "money induction", but this is far from solving the problem. Cai Jing gritted his teeth and made a name for increasing income and taxes, plundering people's land, increasing the money for exemption from service, and making trouble. As a result, the officials forced the people to rebel, and the new policy failed, and Cai Jing was also ruined."

"The reforms of Wen Jinggong and Cai Jing are simply based on the finances

In terms of system, it is all financial management. There is only so much wealth in the Song Dynasty. If you don’t try to create more wealth, then the so-called financial management is to redistribute wealth rather than to create wealth. There is only one big pie and three people share. If you share more, the other two will naturally share less. The contradiction will naturally become greater. So this method will not work. Take a step back, even if Wen Jinggong’s reform is successful, it will not be able to resolve the financial crisis from the root, and sooner or later it will trigger a new crisis."

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Li Hu agrees with Fan Zhichang's point of view.

The financial crisis in the Song Dynasty was indeed not caused by land annexation. The fiscal revenue of the Song Dynasty was very high, but the three redundant disadvantages caused by the Song Dynasty system caused the state treasury to be inadequate. Once additional expenditures such as war were encountered, the finances could not be maintained.

"The biggest drawback of land annexation is that landlords try every means to pay less or simply not pay land taxes. If we start from the issue of land annexation and modify the basic national policy of 'the land system is not established', can we increase tax revenue?" Li Hu asked.

"Your idea Cai Jing has tried it. Xicheng Batian Institute is responsible for doing this. This method has limited effect, even if we put aside corruption and stolen goods, we have no choice but to do so.

The factors of incorrect law have increased the number of official fields, but the overall wealth has not increased. Moreover, it will seriously affect grain output and then directly affect the development of handicrafts and commerce."

Fan Zhichang's words surprised Li Hu, "Is it so serious?"

Fan Zhichang nodded, "The development of handicrafts and commerce in this dynasty is due to the land system of 'the land system is not established and the merger is not suppressed'. Once this system is changed, tax revenue will not increase, but will decrease sharply."

"The land system of this dynasty allows farmers to reclaim wasteland and land as their own permanent business, and provides policy support and encouragement. This has led farmers to seek land from the wasteland waters, tidal flats, sand land in the past, and a series of new land such as polder fields and sand fields appeared, which directly promoted the increase in the number of land reclamation. If this system is changed, who else can reclaim land?"

"The land belongs to you, so whether it is a small peasant family or a big landlord, they will do their best to maximize the benefits of the land they own. For small peasant families, they mainly work diligently and use more advanced farming technologies and tools to increase yields in order to support themselves and improve their lives; for large landlords, they should not only carry out large-scale farming on the land.

To achieve the greatest profit, we must also invest in order to inherit this property for generations. This directly leads to agricultural development and increased grain output. If all lands become official land and all lands belong to the government, how much enthusiasm does farmers have to farm for the government? Will the government continue to invest in the land to increase the output?"

"Land annexation led to the emergence of the tenant system, which played a great role in promoting agricultural production. The landlords have land and rented the land to landless farmers to cultivate, and the two parties share the income according to the contract. Under this system, the tenant farmers can avoid risks to the greatest extent. In addition, due to the few landlords, many tenant farmers, and competition, the tenant farmers actively increase the farmland, and the landlords thus obtain more land income. This promotes agricultural development, improves grain output, and improves the living standards of farmers."

"As agriculture develops, a large amount of surplus labor appears immediately. In order to solve this problem, the court actively developed industries such as industry and commerce, mining, textile, processing, transportation, etc. to help the surplus labor in rural areas survive and ensure the stability of the country. If the land system is changed and agricultural development comes to a halt or even regress, then what should we use to support 100 million people? Land is the foundation of the country, and the land system is more related to the rise and fall of the country. Today, the land system in Middle-earth is conducive to national development. Why should it be modified?"

"No matter whether it is my grandfather, Wen Jinggong, or Cai Jing, no one has raised questions about the land system of the Song Dynasty." Fan Zhichang said solemnly, "The land system of the Song Dynasty must not be changed."

"Of course, the disadvantages of land annexation are very serious. It directly leads to the gap between the rich and the poor, especially today, the gap between the rich and the poor is even more terrible, which leads to rebellion. In the early years, Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun's uprisings, the proclamation proposed to 'equalize the rich and the poor'. The same is true for the uprising of Song Jiang and Fang La, but the gap between the rich and the poor is not only caused by land annexation, but also various other reasons. To solve the gap between the rich and the poor, it is necessary to modify the financial system and reasonably distribute wealth. To solve this problem, change is necessary, but changes like Wen Jinggong and Cai Jing are obviously wrong. Although their original intentions are good, they do not want to plunder the people and force the people to a dead end, but the result is that the people are forced to rebel."

"The current change of the Chief Commander is to make things right in exchange for the people's hearts."

"The consequence of rectifying the chaos is a sharp reduction in taxes. The consequence of the sharp reduction in taxes can be imagined. Although the imperial institutions and officials have now been streamlined a lot, all unreasonable expenses and expenses have been abolished, including the expansion of Kyoto, and the army has only maintained at 400,000 yuan and no longer increased, but the world is three points and wars are constantly coming, and the current tax revenue can only be maintained normally

It is absolutely impossible to carry out a conquest and war that unifies the world."
Chapter completed!