.9oo32423 Chapter 889 Chaotic times, chaos in state-owned enterprises

The "Shanghai people sat together. The discussion will naturally not be the chicken feathers and mulberry skins, but some things closely related to the national economy.

For example, some people mentioned some policies recently proposed by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce. The State Administration for Industry and Commerce suddenly issued a policy that announced that if state-owned enterprises want to advertise, their amount of money must be controlled at two percent of the pre-tax proportion of the enterprise's sales revenue. This ban is said to be to prevent state-owned enterprises from randomly investing in advertisements and wasting state property.

In the past two years, the advertising star in China's consumer goods market is a state-owned pharmaceutical factory called Harbin Pharmaceutical Group in the Northeast. Before last year, it was an unknown medium-sized pharmaceutical factory with total assets of only 100 million yuan. The annual scientific research expenses have never exceeded 2.5 million yuan.

However, since last year, it suddenly implemented an advertising bombing strategy. It spent 700 million yuan last year, and its advertising budget for the first five months of this year exceeded 600 million yuan, becoming China's number one advertising player. The popularity and sales of Harbin Pharmaceutical have also increased sharply. Under its demonstration effect, state-owned pharmaceutical factories and electrical appliance factories in various places have also started advertising wars. The advertising revenue of CCTV and various media has increased significantly, and everyone is so happy that they can't stop talking.

After the advertising limit order, the company was in chaos, and the media complained even more. The Industrial and Commercial Bureau had to make additional provisions and announced that industries such as pharmaceuticals, food, daily chemicals and home appliance companies, which are the most impulsive to advertise, can increase the proportion of advertising to 8%.

But even 8% is not much money, and it still cannot meet the ambitions of drug manufacturers who want to achieve therapeutic effects through advertising, nor can it meet the requirements of other companies to enter the market quickly. Soon, no one mentioned this limit order again.

Of course, there are policies that are more ridiculous than advertising limits. In order to prevent state-owned pharmacies from competing for business, some prescription drug supervision departments have issued a special policy, which stipulates that no second retail pharmacies are allowed within the range of rice. Peking University asked a question for the professor, how can the government ensure that the above is a reasonable layout? It is just that the three stores in Tianmin are opened, whether to make a profit or compensation, the operator of the own pharmacies will bear the consequences themselves. Why do the government need to worry?'' Although his question is very powerful, someone still raised a question, saying that if those state-owned pharmacies are losing money, wouldn't the government still have to wipe their butts?

These two issues have further relate to the system that has lasted for more than 20 years.

This regulatory idea of ​​the drug supervision department seems ridiculous, but its internal logic is very clear, that is, to prevent the mutual killing between state-owned enterprises in the disruption or semi-monopoly industry. For the perspective of regulation, the palms and backs of hands are flesh, and the result of competition is the loss of state-owned assets. The optimal state is of course friendship first and competition second.

The story of being born in the aviation industry is very typical. Since the 1990s, the enthusiasm of airlines in various places has increased sharply, and more than 30 state-owned airlines have emerged, making it the country with the largest number of airlines in the world.

In order to seize customers, these companies launched discount sales one after another. In just one year, major airlines gave in total more than 5 billion yuan. By the beginning of last year, the entire industry was in losses. The State Administration of Civil Aviation finally couldn't bear it. It issued a discount ban in February last year on the grounds that it had to stop the competition for discounts. It strictly ordered that all companies should not give discounts again.

This order was naturally an uproar, and all accused the State Administration of Civil Aviation of putting the industry on the interests of consumers and relied on administrative means to interfere with market competition. However, the effectiveness of the ban on discount was immediate. Just half a year later, the State Administration of Civil Aviation announced that the entire industry had turned losses into profits in six months, with a cumulative profit of 260 million yuan, a year-on-year reduction of nearly 500 million yuan, which means that the 700 million yuan of state-owned assets were recovered without discounting.

.

However, the sample ban cannot change the competitive landscape that has emerged in the aviation industry.

Not long after, airlines turned open and secretly into secrets in order to grab business, and gradually returned to their original state. The State Administration of Civil Aviation repeatedly ordered but could not stop the pace of business rules. By the first two months of this year, the entire industry reported a loss of more than 2 billion yuan.

Just as the civil war between state-owned airlines continued, some private owners had quietly come in. Shanghai Chunqiu International Travel is a private company engaged in tourism business. It has entered this industry since 1994. The chairman, who was a pilot, started entering the air charter business in 1997. He relied on his travel group business resources to boldly book some small and medium-sized airline aircraft, and the fares were of course much lower than those of state-owned companies on the same route.

In order to avoid the ban on discount, they deliberately blurred the prices and packaged the passenger's tour guide fee, accommodation fee and air ticket fees. Although the competent authorities were very angry, they had no choice but to do anything to him. Later he admitted that their internal pricing was actually very low, for example, the air ticket from Shanghai to Xiamen was lower than the train hard sleeper fare.

Compared with the conservative aviation industry, the antitrust of the telecommunications industry has come to the forefront.

As the saying goes, ** brings efficiency, and monopoly generates efficiency. In fact, from the very beginning, people questioned the huge profits of the industry. The first target was the telecommunications companies related to each family.

Last year, China Telecom achieved revenue of 229.5 billion yuan, an annual increase of 25%. Some experts raised questions about the telecommunications charging system. According to the regulations on telecommunications charging at that time, consumers had to pay for those who were less than three minutes in three minutes. Someone calculated that the overcharges of telecommunications companies were as high as more than 26 billion yuan per year.

Under the pressure of public opinion, the telecommunications department held a fee hearing. CCTV specially conducted an aggressive question from the media reporters. The telecommunications official replied impatiently that he really didn't have the energy to explain the details of the adjustment. ""      This statement was obviously sad, and the atmosphere, including the media, criticized the bureaucratic style of the telecommunications department. Unfortunately, they were very thick-skinned and didn't care about this at all.

In March of that year, 107 professors from Xijiang University jointly wrote to the government and the media, and another charging system for telecommunications companies was proposed to apply for the timed charges from the other party answering the phone call.

.

The person who started the joint letter said that there were many calls that were connected but no one answered, and they hung up themselves, but were charged by the telecommunications bureau. They provided a thick stack of phone bills, and on a list of fifty long-distance calls records, calls with less than thirty seconds appeared in total five times. There was also a detailed list of twenty-three. Short-term long messages appeared ten times in the phone.

The careful professors also conducted a special test. They made a long-distance phone call that ringed many times but did not actually get connected. As a result, they were charged on the long-distance list printed by the telecommunications bureau.

... Yan Yi had more than 2 million telephone users in Zhizhou at that time, and calculated based on the long-term work that did not answer for each Danwo. The ringing fee charged was 1.2 million yuan, which was more than 10 million yuan a year.

The professors hope to give an explanation for those who pay extra money that is unknown.

The Hangzhou Telecommunications Bureau finally made a little progress and sent someone to have a dialogue with the professor representatives.

Facing my teacher and the head of the Telecommunications Bureau explained that short-term charges may be caused by the other party's line, which may be that there are fax machines, recording phones, servers, etc. on the other party's line, or the other party's hand slides. The telephone network is picked up and dropped. Hangzhou Telecom will definitely have no problem.

Of course, such conversations ended in an unhappy way. A professor mocked that among us, there are computer experts, automatic control experts, and communication system experts, why are the answers given by students not what we taught them?

The news of tariff adjustments and ringing was lively, but it was finally left unresolved. The price loosening of telecom companies still depends on market competition to drive it.

In order to support the declining railway transportation department, the State Council approved the Ministry of Railways to establish China Railway Communication Information Co., Ltd. and license it to carry out landline communication business.

Once Tietong was established, the first trick to open the door was that the initial installation fee of Xuannian phone was 600 yuan.

In the past few days, the initial installation fee for telephone installation has always been the most stable and generous portion of the profits of telecom companies. With the years of appeal from consumers, the fee has been reduced from 5,500 yuan to 1,250 yuan, but it has been refused to decline.

This time, Tietong rushed in. The strategy naturally needs to be adjusted. China Telecom responded quickly and announced the cancellation of the initial installation fee.

Tietong's plan to grab a big shot from the bowl of monopoly was lost, but unexpectedly gave consumers in China a benefit. ""        "A monopoly industry will eventually retreat, and companies without competitiveness will eventually go bankrupt. Just like the domestic telecommunications industry, if there is no monopoly, it will definitely not compete with private enterprises." Wang Xuyun said.

The main focus of the old club is to focus on the industry, including computer software and hardware, as well as some communication products. Therefore, Wang Xuyun is very familiar with the situation in this area, especially the situation in the domestic telecommunications industry.

In past experiences, computer network failures have been caused by the telecommunications department. When encountering such a problem, users always have to call the computer supplier and ask what's going on?

"We have not taken the blame for them." Wang Xuyun said helplessly, "In places where our fiber optic network cannot cover, most users are still using dial-up to access the Internet. Therefore, when they encounter trouble, when they call the telecommunications department to ask for a solution, they always immediately blame us, saying that it is a computer failure that causes the Internet to be unable to access. In fact, most of the people are wrong in their network."

Everyone nodded. In fact, the damage to the break is very great. It seems that the government has made money from it. However, this kind of money is not caused by the competitiveness of the industry, but is exchanged for the sacrifice of the interests of ordinary consumers, that is, the people. This is a great wish.

From houses, medical education to communications and telecommunications, the people scolded them, saying that they were too expensive, which means that the price was too high because the supply was insufficient, which means that the demand was very strong. Why didn’t capital come in? It was because the government did not allow it to come in.

Faced with an uncertain future, the people dare not spend money and dare not invest capital casually. Then will the government spend money on the people work? It works, but it is for a moment.

In this regard, Fan Wubing believes that the reason why China's economy was able to emerge from the shadow of the financial crisis in 1998 was mainly because of housing reform to attract real estate investment, and the other was that it joined... More expectations have caused the expansion of external demand.

However, if you want to completely solve this problem, you can only break industry controls and allow private capital to enter the fields of medical care, education, communications, railways, culture, entertainment and even finance.

"In fact, looking back at China's economic growth since the reform and opening up, the driving force behind it is the system reform that breaks the industry monopoly, allowing various production factors such as money and materials to flow fully in all departments, and finally achieve today's achievements." Fan Wubing said to everyone. "But since this year, the signs we have observed are not that the industry is becoming more and more open, but that the industry entry threshold is becoming higher and higher. Many industries are not that the country is advancing, but that the country is advancing, but that the country is advancing and the people are retreating. For example, in order to pursue the so-called concentration, some industries do not hesitate to rely on administration to suppress private capital and rely on administrative methods to combine enterprises. Major ministries and commissions are also willing to engage in so-called industrial combinations and intervene in the market in the name of industrial upgrading. The resource allocation efficiency of the economic system has actually declined."

Seeing that everyone was listening very seriously, Fan Wubing said in a tone, "If we do not open the industry entry threshold, accelerate the pace of market-oriented reform, and break the government industry monopoly, China's economy has no future! However, after these changes, there are too many people offended. It is more convenient to burn money first to stimulate the economy. Anyway, our savings rate is high now, and if we have money, we can burn. System reform is a long-term thing, and in this long term, we have all died long ago!"

Everyone burst into laughter and said that what Mr. Fan said sounded very reasonable, but his alarmist skills were also first-class, and his ability to confuse people's hearts was even higher. If you were to be a cult leader, it would probably be more difficult to deal with than the leader of Quanquan Gong. As for Japan's Asahara Sapporo, that would be a scumbag.

In fact, Fan Wubing believes that monopoly in economics is just an option in property rights management, and it is different from monopoly in politics. That is, using violent political means to eliminate competitors.

.

Without administrative intervention, monopoly is just a choice for property management, not necessarily a good choice or a bad choice, it is just a legal choice. For example, Microsoft's small monopoly is completely a market choice, and in fact there is no second company that can compete with it.

The monopoly under administrative intervention is like the monopoly of the domestic telecommunications or aviation industry. In fact, it is to use the cost of administrative investment to supply high-quality products or services to consumers. Moreover, this administrative cost is still borne by the taxpayer himself. For the interests of privileges and property rights, this is the most ideal.
Chapter completed!