What a fuck, it’s the famous bronze acupuncture portrait!

This acupuncture bronze portrait is the first textbook in the world about acupuncture needle application methods. Even the acupuncture teaching publication published by the World Health Organization and who in the 1990s was based on this bronze man.

It can be seen from this that this bronze man has made contributions to world medicine, and it can even be said that it is the most important contribution of us Chinese to world medicine. However, to this day, most of the acupuncture bronze man collected by China are copied in modern times, or are semi-finished products from the Qing Dynasty. The genuine genuine acupuncture bronze portraits have long been lost overseas...

The acupuncture technique can be said to be a magical treasure of our traditional Chinese medicine. The "stone" in the idiom "Medicine and Stone Help the World" that old Chinese doctors often use to describe the wise medical skills refers to acupuncture technology.

In ancient times, it was quite difficult to learn and inherit acupuncture techniques. Because the basis of acupuncture is the theory of meridians. Only by finding the correct acupuncture points can acupuncture be effective.

However, the acupuncture points on the human body cannot be seen with the naked eye and the text description is relatively vague. How can students better master it in medical education? So our smart ancestors invented the acupuncture of bronze men to solve this problem.

In the fourth year of Tiansheng in the Song Dynasty, that is, in 1206 AD, Emperor Renzong of Song Dynasty ordered the Imperial Hospital to cast a simulated human copper model for medical students to study and take acupuncture exams.

The following year, the Hanlin medical officer Shang Yao Feng Wang made two bronze men, known as the "Heavenly Bronze Man" in history.

According to historical records, these two bronze men are very realistic in their making. They have wooden internal organs and bones in their bodies. There are 354 small holes on the surface of the body, representing 354 acupoints in the human body. The acupoint names are also marked with the wrong gold words next to each hole.

What's even more magical is that mercury can be poured into the copper man. If a fine needle is used to accurately pierce the "acupuncture point", the mercury will flow out. Because of this unique function of "inciding the needle into the mercury", every time the Imperial Hospital conducts an acupuncture exam, yellow wax will be used to seal the small holes and acupoint names on the surface of the copper man's body. Each candidate must apply needles on the copper man's body according to the questions given by the teacher. If mercury flows out, the exam will pass; otherwise, it will fail.

From this we can see the creativity and wisdom of our ancestors!

In the next 1207, China became the first country in the world to have the national standard for acupuncture.

Because in this year, one of the most famous medical books in the history of Chinese medicine, "Bronze Man Acupoint Acupuncture and Moxibustion Picture Classic", was born.

Because it was completed during the Tiansheng period of the Northern Song Dynasty, it is also called the "Tiansheng Needle Sutra".

This standard also created a great innovation: in addition to the text, two bronze acupuncture meridian acupoint models were also created, namely "Song Tiansheng Acupuncture Bronze Man". This is the first time that a three-dimensional human body model was used to mark the meridian acupoint parts, thereby ensuring people's correct understanding of the positioning of this standard acupoint.

After the standard text was completed, all the texts were engraved on the stone tablets in traditional paper book style and stone stele carving style, and promulgated to the whole country, which shows that the government attached great importance to this standard at that time.

After the promulgation of this standard, it became the standard for acupuncture education and clinical acupoint selection at that time. For example, the acupuncture examination papers in the Song Dynasty stated that candidates should answer questions based on the "Bronze Man Acupoint Acupuncture Picture Classic", while the acupuncture bronze man was used to assess the mastery of acupoint positioning by medical students and medical officials.

Such ingenious design made the Tiansheng Bronze Man a rare treasure that combines medical theory, handicraft technology and artistic inspiration. It is naturally coveted by the rulers of other regimes. It is said that in the list of spoils requested after the Jin Dynasty defeated the Song Dynasty, the Tiansheng Bronze Man was listed, but of course, it was not successful in the end.

After the Tiansheng bronze man of the Song Dynasty was cast, one was placed in the Medical Officer's Hospital and the other was placed in the Daxiangguo Temple.

During the Jingkang Rebellion at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, two bronze men in Bianjing were successively fled among the people. One of them disappeared from then on, while the other was displaced and changed hands several times. Finally, they returned to the court again, but were presented to Mongolia by the cowardly Southern Song court and became a tribute to the Mongolian Empire.

However, because he had been among the people for too long, the bronze man was already in ruins. After the Mongol Empire took over, he immediately started to renovate.

According to the "Biography of Annigo in the History of Yuan Dynasty", the Yuan government specially invited Annigo, a famous Nepal craftsman, to repair the bronze man during the Zhongtong period of Yuan Dynasty, from 1260 to 1263. Shortly after the bronze man was rebuilt, the Yuan government sent a special army to escort the bronze man from Bianjing to Beijing.

Later, the Yuan Empire destroyed the Jin Kingdom, the Southern Song Dynasty, and then the Ming Dynasty destroyed the Yuan Dynasty, and the Tiansheng Bronze Man was also taken to the Imperial Hospital in the Ming Dynasty.

However, due to hundreds of years of war and four dynasties, the Tiansheng bronze man at this time had been severely damaged and the names of the acupoints were blurred.

Therefore, in the eighth year of Zhengtong, in 1443, Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty ordered the Imperial Hospital to make another bronze man based on the Tiansheng bronze man. Later generations called this imitation bronze man the "orthodox bronze man".

After that, the scholars of the Ming Dynasty and later the Qing Dynasty rulers also ordered the copying of such bronze men many times.

For example, during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, acupuncture scientist Gao Wu also cast acupuncture bronze man in the shape of men, women and children.

Now the only bronze man in the Ming Dynasty collected by our Palace Museum is the one left by Gao Wu. The bronze man of boys is 89 cm tall and the shape of a boy.

The bronze men of acupuncture in the Qing Dynasty were in the seventh year of Qianlong, that is, 1742. When the Qing government ordered Wu Qian and others to compile the "Medical Emperor's Golden Mirror", in order to encourage the editors, several small bronze men of acupuncture were cast as prizes, and later rewarded them to those editors.

Most of the acupuncture bronze people recently discovered in our country are replicas of these Qing Dynasty replicas.

For example, the one in the collection of the Medical History Museum of Puhai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine is a work in the Qing Dynasty, which is 46 cm tall, solid, with meridians and acupoints on the surface.

There is also a bronze man with acupuncture at the Museum of Chinese History. It is 178 cm tall and is made in the late Qing Dynasty. Its workmanship is simply incomparable to the Tiansheng bronze man of the Song Dynasty, and it cannot even be compared with imitations from the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

After the liberation, all medical institutions in our country tried every means to copy it. The Tiansheng Bronze Man came out, but the results were not very ideal.

The popular imitation cast acupuncture bronze man on the market in China is the imitation Song acupuncture bronze man developed in 1978 by Jinling Medical College and the Institute of Medical History and Literature of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. It is currently in the Institute of Medical History and Literature of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

It is made of bronze smelting, and the front and back sides of the chest can be opened and closed. After opening, the relief organs can be seen. After closing, the whole body is integrated, 172.5 cm high and weighs 210 kilograms.

Moreover, in 1987, He Baoyi, a traditional Chinese medicine practitioner from Kaifeng, Henan, and others also cast a bronze man with acupuncture based on historical documents to restore it.

In addition, there are still some bronze men who rely on modern technology to make it on the market for commercial purposes.

After the true orthodox bronze men were made in history, they were always placed in the Imperial Hospital of the Ming Dynasty; after the Ming Dynasty fell, the Bronze Man continued to be preserved in the Imperial Hospital of the Qing Dynasty.

Until the 26th year of the Guangxu period, in 1900, the Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Beijing. Empress Dowager Cixi led Emperor Guangxu and a group of officials to flee in a hurry, leaving the huge city of Beijing and many treasures, including the orthodox bronze men, to the invading army.

The coalition forces ransacked Beijing for several days. After they evacuated, the imperial physicians who returned to Beijing found that the orthodox bronze man who had been placed in the Yaowang Temple in the Imperial Hospital disappeared!

The Imperial Hospital had been the temporary garrison of the Russian ** team. The Qing government sent someone to ask the Russian side, and of course they didn't even have any birds.

In addition to the orthodox bronze men of the Ming Dynasty, there were also bronze statues of the Three Emperors hidden in the Qing Dynasty, which were surely stolen by the Russian army.

At that time, in order to get the bronze man back, the medical officials of the Imperial Hospital had negotiated with the Russian team many times. In the end, they only redeemed the bronze statue of the Three Emperors, while the orthodox bronze man of the Ming Dynasty did not return it. The whereabouts of his subsequent lives have always been a mystery in the historical community.

Later, until 1958, when a Chinese medical delegation visited the former Soviet Union, a bronze acupuncture man was discovered in ancient China.

At that time, a member of the delegation, Sun Zhenhuan, noticed an acupuncture bronze man when visiting the Hermitash Museum in Leningrad, which was very similar to the orthodox bronze man. The news was passed back to China, and although it attracted the attention of domestic scholars, it was not confirmed due to the subsequent Sino-Soviet conflict.

Later, until 2003, researcher Huang Longxiang from the Chinese Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine accidentally came up with an article introducing the bronze man. He was very excited and immediately took his assistant to St. Petersburg for field investigation. After careful observation and careful investigation, Mr. Huang proposed ten more evidence and convincingly concluded: This is the orthodox bronze man!

In fact, as early as this, in 1877, the Japanese shogunate secretly collected a bronze man, and also had a set of original Song Dynasty "Bronze Man Acupoint Acupuncture and Moxibustion Picture Classics", but it did not attract anyone's attention at that time.

Later, after the Shogunate War, this bronze man collected by the shogunate became the property of the Emperor, but the Emperor did not pay much attention to it at that time. Later, when the earliest Tokyo National Museum was established, the moving person was sent here to display.

Later, in 1920, when a famous Japanese traditional Chinese medicine scholar, Hirodo Yoshida, discovered this bronze man when he visited the museum, and conducted careful research. Later, he published a book "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Collection" based on this bronze man.

It was this book that attracted the attention of China to learn from Chen Cunren. Later, Chen Cunren traveled to Japan several times to inspect this bronze statue. Finally, after many arguments, he finally confirmed that this bronze statue was the Tiansheng bronze man of the Song Dynasty that year!
Chapter completed!