.As the Party’s patriotism said to students, for machinery, strong and continuous motivation is very important, and it determines how many precious human resources the machinery can replace.

Another important factor affecting mechanical properties is not design, but material. Material properties restrict the development of machinery, while mechanical design is secondary.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were many skilled craftsmen like Gongshu Ban and Mozi, who could design machinery that amazed the engineers of later generations. Moreover, even if they were not master-level craftsmen like Luban and Mozi, they could improve a certain aspect of a certain machine in their long-term practical work.

Even though this change is only very small, it is only in this way that many "technical personnel" who may not have passed down through the ages in their lifetime and have profoundly influenced the efforts of the inventions and creations of the entire world, which has enabled a genius to improve efficiency bit by bit, reduce failures, reduce costs, and finally reach the ultimate of this invention.

In the three directions of influencing machinery, the Party Patriotic focuses on the research of power machinery, followed by materials research, and then mechanical principles and design research. This is not arranged according to the importance of several elements that affect machinery, but based on the production needs and current scientific and technological status in the Three Kingdoms period.

In fact, for machinery at this time, the biggest factor restricting its development is materials, and studying materials science must first study chemistry.

However, chemistry at this time can only be considered a prototype, and its theoretical research is simply a by-product of Taoist priests' alchemy and combination medicine. Even in Europe, the birthplace of modern chemistry, the motivation for the alchemists to conduct research was just to refine the legendary "Sage Stone" that could convert ordinary metals into gold. There is another part of the alchemists who do not aim for this, just like the Chinese Taoist priests, who want to refine the legendary immortal medicine.

However, the truly useful chemistry during this period was that there was no systematic research theory applied chemistry. When people made various items, they inevitably deal with chemistry. For example, metallurgy, pottery, glass, paper, printing and dyeing industries, including ore, clay, quartz sand, pulp, dye and other raw materials, chemistry must be used to produce finished products.

However, the Party Patriotic was not very clear about the research methods of chemistry. All he could do was to write down the chemical knowledge he could remember and the periodic table of elements with much more blank spaces than those filled in. In addition, he designed various chemical experimental equipment he had seen so that those "researchers" - most of whom were Taoists, could conduct chemical research more accurately and safely.

Because he knew that what he could do was limited, after he sorted out the chemical knowledge in his memory, he recruited a group of Taoist priests of the Danding School who regarded him as a god and engaged in specific theoretical research. As long as the Party gave them chemistry classes, guided the research topics, allocated funds to support the research, and finally reviewed the research results, it would be enough. Even if he was anxious, it would be useless.

The study of mechanical principles and design is simple. Because these two disciplines have a "mass foundation", what the Party Patriotic country needs to do is to express the little physics, mechanics, mechanical knowledge that he knows, and some mechanical design concepts he has seen, and let the craftsmen study it themselves.

Moreover, the knowledge of the Party’s patriotism is not isolated, and they can correspond to various ancient scientific works. Regarding mechanical principles and design, Lu Ban and Mo Zi both left their own inheritances - they are all genuine professional knowledge of ancient physics and mechanics. In addition, mathematics, astronomy, agricultural science, etc., have also produced many theoretical works before the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty - although one of the important goals in the research of astronomy is to divine good and bad luck.

Therefore, after teaching them modern knowledge, Dang Maiguo also arranged for people who had studied ancient science monographs to "translate" ancient scientific knowledge in line with the modern knowledge description method taught by Dang Maiguo. If necessary, Dang Maiguo would also personally translate it. However, these ancient scientific and technological documents were too complicated and his ancient literature was not very good, so he was generally only responsible for the final translation review, correcting or removing some erroneous theories.

This translation work is not limited to the mechanical aspects, but involves a huge project of all ancient scientific works. The Party and Patriotic Republic attach great importance to this and personally supervises it. After all, what he remembers in his mind is limited, and often there is only an isolated conclusion. Only by sorting out ancient scientific works can the theoretical system of research in various disciplines be considered to be built.

In terms of mechanical design, what the Party Patriotic Republic can do is to establish a "standardized" system to make the design and manufacturing of machinery more standardized, and protect "patents" to encourage craftsmen to invent and create. There is nothing else needed for the time being, as long as these craftsmen conduct theoretical research and updates themselves.

However, the research on power machinery is a key project that the Party’s patriotism focuses on. After all, the early stages of the industrial revolution can be called the “steam engine era”, and the next is the “internal combustion engine era” and the “electric motor era”. The reason why machines can replace human and animal power is because of the advancement of power machinery, allowing humans to obtain more powerful power by consuming a certain kind of fuel.

The Power Machinery Research Institute established by Dang Aiguo is right by the river near the paper factory of Kan. After all, the only one who needs to use machinery is now necessary. The printing factory he will book to build in the future is probably a big business that needs machinery. Dang Aiguo’s most value now is popularizing knowledge, so a large number of books are needed. Therefore, no matter how many paper mills and printing factories are, they will not be too many.

After the foreign teaching group of Central University visited the paper factory, Dang Aiguo immediately took the students to visit the Institute of Power Machinery.

Here, the students first saw a steam engine that had not been used in the paper factory. However, this simple steam engine was just a boiler with a piston, and the other end of the piston was connected by a connecting rod and a large wheel that seemed to be used on an ancient steam train.

The working principle of the steam engine, Dang Aiguo has already talked about it. At this time, he saw the real thing. Liu Bian, who was following him, pointed to the rotating wheel of "gulugulu" and asked directly: "Since the principal has built a steam engine, why don't he have to be on the machine of the papermaking workshop? I think the steam engine is much faster than a water truck, and there is no need for people to pedal the wheels."

"The steam engine is indeed better than a water truck, but the steam engine is not designed well now, and the air leakage is too fast. If you want the steam engine to run, you have to add water and fuel to it, which consumes too much energy to use. Energy consumption is also a cost. If this cost is too high, the final benefit is less than using hydraulic and manpower, then using a steam engine is even less cost-effective.

Another point is that the manufacturing materials of the steam engine boiler are not too accurate, which makes us dare not design them even if we have a way to make the steam engine less leaking. Because the air leakage is less, the air pressure inside the boiler will be even higher. If the air pressure is too high, the boiler may explode. The large plate you see next to the boiler is a barometer, and the pointer on it represents the pressure inside the boiler. The design of this barometer is very simple, and you can only roughly see the air pressure, but you can also make do with it.

The only place where steam engines are used is the Heyi Workshop in Xingyang - we will also visit there next. In the newly built forging factory in the Heyi Workshop, there is a steam forging machine that needs to use a steam engine to lift huge forging hammers. In addition, there is a newly built coking plant in the Heyi Workshop, so the steam engine boiler can obtain a large amount of coal that is not suitable for coking as fuel."

After answering Liu Bian's words, Dang Aiguo took them to see the turbine immersed in the river, and explained the application of propellers in the turbine to the students in comparison with a turbine placed on the shore.

Like steam engines, the problem with turbines is also in the material. One is that the material has poor corrosion resistance, and the other is that the material strength is not strong, and the blades are easily broken. From this, we can see the impact of the material on machinery, but this problem is useless. If you can only study new materials step by step. If you are lucky, you may be able to study it tomorrow; if you are not lucky, it is not impossible to wait for a hundred years.

After seeing the turbine, Dang Aiguo brought the students to the design achievements exhibition hall in the institute, which contained various power machinery including miniature scale models of windmills and water wheels. This exhibition hall was not built for development for tourists to visit, but for researchers to understand certain classic designs by observing real objects.

In the exhibition hall, Dang Maiguo showed the students a conceptual internal combustion engine. However, it was an internal combustion engine, but it was actually more like a thick iron pot with a piston. Not only did it require a manpower bellows to send air into it, but it was still the cooking oil. Dang Maiguo was easy to solve the problem. As long as there was crude oil, he could at least simply distillate several types of oil with laboratory equipment, but there was no need to burn it here.

Although he was not very clear about the specific structure of the internal combustion engine, the principle could be used to allow craftsmen to design it themselves so that they would not create such a conceptual machinery that would lose prices, but there was no need.

The key problem lies in the materials of the high-pressure cylinder. The fuel and gas mixture combustion process of the internal combustion engine can be equivalent to explosion, and it does not have a catharsis port like gunpowder weapons, and it also needs to push the piston. Therefore, the current manufacturing materials are not at all. Moreover, in metal processing technology, the current processing capacity is not yet able to mass produce internal combustion engines.
Chapter completed!