After pouring wine for the two, Du Zhongxiao said: "For the court, there are two ways to live within one's means, or use it in a mixed manner. Of course, this can be done in the world. The court can rule the world, but what should a family do? If you want the people to live well, you must not only be able to survive, but also have to save some money. Only in this way can you have hope that a person lives not only for living. The savings of the people, the savings of various people, and how the court deals with them is a major event in the world. Many of the imperial court's governance are from this source."

Speaking of this, Du Zhongxiao said to Han Jiang and Wang Anshi: "In a few days, I will leave Jingxi Road and lead troops to fight. The field affairs and Changping Office of Jingxi Road have taken me several years of hard work. Today, I will say more and make it clear to you, and it won't cost me a lot of effort. Zihua took over as the presiding of Changping, and Jiefu also wanted to buy fields in Shuzhou, and he would like to prepare for Changping affairs there. You can take care of it."

"In the past, as long as the court raises enough money and food, there is more than surplus of soldiers, and the salaries of all officials are not short of. From now on, you have seen that if you promote the world, money and food will not be so difficult. Perhaps some people say that if you collect too much money, will there be officials who will not spend it? Just like that, spending money is much more difficult than collecting money. How to spend money is a big question."

Wang Anshi said: "The court spent money and was useless to spend the people. Since the cost was sufficient, the cost was less and the amount was dispersed, so that the people would be allowed to do so."

Du Zhongxiao shook his head: "Let the people? Who are the people who give them to? Do you share the money? This year, and next year, there will be no difference, and some people will feel resentful. There has been more last year and less this year, and it is not just a mere condemnation. There may not be any money in the world. But in the end of the year, it is certain how much money everyone in the world has made, and it is not about the people. The number of officials and the number of people is something that the court must consider. How much people are? Too much money in hand may not be a good thing. Confucius said, don't worry about the lack of money but the unevenness. The court should discuss unevenness, and not be obsessed with the lack of money."

Speaking of this, Du Zhongxiao shook his head and smiled, "I often hear people say that the officials are not good at fighting for profit. How do you mean competing for profit with the people? Who is the people mentioned here who can compete for profit with the officials? Can ordinary people compete for profit with the government? Given their benefits, it is enough to reduce taxes and taxes. Those who can compete for profit with the officials are at least powerful people. Can they still be ordinary people? So whoever says this is speaking for the power."

Han Jiang said: "It may not be the case. Sometimes officials say this because they are for the sake of the people."

Du Zhongxiao nodded: "Yes, some officials really think about the people and use this sentence to persuade the court. Taxation, journalism and miscellaneous donations are of course right, but talking about other things is wrong. Censors are one thing, and officials are governing, which is another thing. Today I only talk about governance."

"I have said so much, but in fact, it is still about governance. The core is how to treat the people's savings. The surplus of the court has just said that it is possible to cultivate land and cultivate deserted fields, build roads and bridges, and many ways. So what about this savings in the hands of the people? Some people save money to build houses, marry women, and marry daughters. Some people save money to prevent disasters, diseases, and old age, and all kinds of things. But there are still some people who save money simply to save money, and some people even have too much money to spend. Because everyone is different, there is no simple way to govern the court."

Han Jiang said: "Don't it exists in the savings office? Everyone is like this, and nothing is wrong. Changpingsi uses the cash from the savings office to print money. If you can print money for a few pennys of money, the court will never lose money."

Du Zhongxiao said: "How can the account be calculated like this? Now there is a shortage of money on the market, which has become a shortage of money. Money is expensive and the money is light. People can collect it. When the capital is more, the money is too much, and the money is no longer shortage. What should the money be expensive? Money is kept in your hands, which is worthless for Changpingsi. At that time, people would save money without interest. It would be better to keep cash in their hands and withdraw what they saved. If the cash in the savings office is less, is the money worth so much? It is inevitable that money is worth less than cash. Everyone wants cash, so they don't want money. Changpingsi is the first thing that costs less, and the money printed is less, and the other one has printed money and no one wants it, and they will not be able to do it in the end. It is not that it is still the same as before? This is called bad money driving out good money. As long as the court cannot guarantee the same value of money on the market, it will inevitably happen."

There are several currencies on the market, with different actual values ​​from the specified prices. Everyone collects high value and low value. This kind of thing is inevitable. If you buy precious metals such as gold for inflation, you can exchange local currency for foreign currency. However, the value estimates are different, including actual interest, and the estimates of future appreciation and depreciation.

The initial issuance of money looks very beautiful. If the issuance is not controlled and there is no recycling channel, there will be a day of inflation. At that time, without decisive measures, even if you can cash in, you cannot control it.

Du Zhongxiao said: "We won't talk about these today. If you do it for a long time, you will naturally know. The key to today is how to treat the savings in the hands of the people. As I said just now, it is best to be able to buy so many things in many years, which is stability. There is no way to achieve long-term stability, but also short-term stability."

Speaking of this, Du Zhongxiao shook his head and said to the two: "It is not easy to be stable. The money is printed, and the copper coins are cast. It is used for trading on the market, and it cannot be just needed on the market. Since it is not easy to be stable, whether the people's savings can maintain their value depends on the hearts of the people and the chaos in the world. Many of them are born from this."

Speaking of this, Du Zhongxiao was silent for a while and rationalized his thoughts. I learned before, and often talked about the capitalist economic crisis? So will other production relations crises? Of course, they will happen, but the forms of expression are different. It is the capitalist system. Is the crisis the same every time? Many problems think that it will not happen under capitalism, but that system has not been long enough, and it has been constantly changing its appearance and new statements, and it is taken for granted to think that it is different. The knowledge I learned before, no matter which theory, which theory, which idea, or system, is all from

The history of Europe is constantly sorted out with the arrival of the industrialization era. Is it the truth? Of course not. If it is industrialized by China's history and Chinese cultural traditions, of course it is different, and many ideas, ideologies, etc. will not appear. Due to the limitations of history, many ideas and theories that did not appear in the previous life will naturally come out. Taking those as truths and guiding development in this era will of course be out of place and become jokes. However, the development of that era is too fast and many principles are more understandable, so it can clear away the fog.

The crisis of capitalism is a contradiction between large social production and private property ownership. Apart from capitalism, is there any social production? China is a unified country, and large social production will of course exist. The development of industry and commerce will promote this process. The crisis is not just about relative overproduction, but it can prosper for a long time without relative overproduction. I don’t know how many dynasties died in relatively scarce.

After being in charge of economics for several years, Du Zhongxiao took it for granted to use the theories he learned before to analyze and explain this era, but in the past few years it has been useless. Those theories not only cannot guide a thousand years ago, but also cannot guide that era. The conclusions are unreliable, but principles and analysis methods are worth learning from. Using the methods of that time to analyze the present and use principles to guide reality is truly useful.

After drinking a few glasses of wine and clearing his thoughts, Du Zhongxiao said to Han Jiang and Wang Anshi: "The most important thing in power is to find a way to keep the savings in the hands of the people. Savings bank is a way to keep the money in the savings bank relatively safe, which is what Changping wants to do. The reason why Changping is called Changping is not only stable in the food price, but also to make social wealth stable. As for what methods, I will find many in the future. The easiest thing is to let the people save money while lending money with higher interest and subsidizing interest rates to ensure the stability of the currency. Today, those who don't say that are just basic."

"When people have money in their hands, they have many choices in addition to saving in savings. In terms of farmers, when they save a certain amount of money and have no need to spend it, they can buy land. The advantage of buying land is that grain is produced in the land. No matter what happens in the future, the farm tools are better and the new planting is more produced, and the land will be the same. In other words, for farmers, the land naturally retains its value."

Wang Anshi said: "Although the land is valuable, how many people can continue to buy land in the world? People have a wealthy life, but most people still have no land. Rich people and others occupy more, right? If they can maintain value, they will not sell them, and they will have to buy more."

Du Zhongxiao nodded: "Jie Fu is right. The more you maintain your value, the more difficult it is to be even. Even if you divide the land equally, you will merge quickly. Without other means, it is difficult to stop this matter. What means? Take up the savings and then ban the sale of land, otherwise this matter will not be resolved."

Speaking of this, Du Zhongxiao looked at the two and said, "The assets that preserve value are the most troublesome, and the long-term preservation of value is extremely troublesome. With more money in society, they will concentrate in these places and slowly push the prices up. Moreover, if the court does not intervene in this price increase, there may be no upper limit. Why is there no upper limit? If you buy the land and collect the rent, you will own it. As long as the land price does not change, you will not lose money in the future. No matter how much land price increases, as long as you ensure that the land price does not fall, it does not matter how much it produces in the land, and it can be turned into money at any time. At this time, the land is not used to produce grain, but to preserve its own property. As long as they can be integrated, the land price can rise infinitely."
Chapter completed!