Seeing that everyone was not talking, Du Zhongxiao said to Tsui Hark: "Supervisor, the mall is a businessman. You can tell me. One day, you must be granted a guarantor. Second, you use a deposit when signing a contract. If it cannot be completed, how much is the liquidated damages? Which one is more suitable?"

Tsui Hark stood up and bowed: "I was in charge of the shopping malls these days, and I felt that the two methods of survivors and deposits have their own benefits, and they should not be frugal. People who are loyal and thrifty want to do business, but have no capital, and some connections can be used to provide insurance. For example, when looking for merchants below, the first thing is to ask the land business to do insurance and lend money to the village community. Later, I slowly deduct some money from the payment for the goods as a deposit, so there is no need to insured. With the rich foreign merchants, where can I find the survivors locally? Let them pay the deposit and do business. However, no matter which method, it is best to write the penalty when making a contract. If you don't write it, you can only compensate according to the amount of losses if you breach the contract. There is an exact number here? I have to fight countless lawsuits."

Zhang Shi'an said: "If you have capital and interest when doing business, you have market prices. How can you not calculate the exact amount of losses?"

Tsui Hark bowed: "If you ask for a punishment, you will use the shopping mall managed by the student as an example. The mall agreed with a merchant from Guangnan to ask him to sell some South China Sea pearls. When will it arrive and how many quantities will be, there will be a certain number. The time limit is here, or the goods will be delayed or the quantity is not enough, and it will be difficult to determine the amount of compensation if the contract is not written clearly. We have also received too much such a thing, so we have to give some advice. Now the business contracts have clearly set a penalty for liquidated contracts. How much is the fine for one day when you arrive late? How much is the fine for a short quantity? There are clear contracts, which have less disputes."

Ma Xun knew in his heart that Du Zhongxiao was discussing this issue now because Shisanlang and others robbed people from Yicheng County. The magistrate of Yicheng County had already found out that it was done by the people who were in charge of the field, and the complaint was handed over to the state. Ma Xun was born in Mao Shi, not a Jinshi, and was regarded in the officialdom differently, and his official position was lower than Du Zhongxiao, so hesitated for a while. Du Zhongxiao fundamentally solved the problem and gave Ma Xun a way out.

Ma Xun is proficient in the law, how can he not know the loopholes in it? Thirteen Lang robs people first and signs contract regulations later. If the law does not go back, the case will not be managed by reason. But as long as the new regulations come out, the county magistrate can make a decision and deal with the new law according to the conditions. This is within the authority of the local officials. If you have a scheming in your mind, Ma Xun basically does not participate in the discussion, and he will just agree to the results and implement them.

Zhou Qing pondered for a long time and said, "If you explicitly write the amount of compensation for breach of contract when you sign a contract, there are many benefits. I am afraid that some merchants will deliberately breach the contract if they are greedy for benefits. For example, when buying and selling goods in the mall, there are a few market prices, and the fine for breach of contract is stated. When the goods are transported to the local area, the market price rises and the breach of contract is made more profits, and the merchants will breach the contract. The local government clearly states and customs, and this kind of thing happens, it will corrupt the customs. You should consider this matter more, and you cannot do it just because the yamen is easy to handle cases."

Local officials have certain discretion over cases and must decide cases according to law, but they can be punished according to circumstances, with no objection from the top and bottom. One reason is that governing local governments is not only to enforce court laws, but also to educate local governments. There is no difference between the two. Whether to be strict and severe or fined, or to be fined, is whether the local governments can be educated, so-called simple customs. When necessary, they can even determine cases beyond the law, which is the original form of the township. The officials of prefectures and counties are different from those of the road-level supervisory department.

, which is also different from later generations. They not only sent the court to govern the local area, but also the court. They represent the court to the people, and the court to the court to represent the local people. On the one hand, they represent the court's laws, and on the other hand, they are the law of the court. The township law is not a local law, but a local law is part of the court's laws. At this time, they are called the one state and one county regulations. The township law is a local custom. When encountering cases that are not in line with local common sense, the local petition requests the change of the results, which is based on this.

This is what Zhou Qing means. If a liquidated damages are clearly set when the contract is concluded, the merchant will naturally choose to breach the contract when the breach of the contract can benefit. In this way, the custom of ignoring the contract and dishonest will be developed, which will violate the governance principles.

Du Zhongxiao said: "The deputy envoy, a businessman, is a profit-seeking business. Any business is risky. The risk is too great and the two parties bear it. It is manifested in the contract. How to show it? One party pays a fine for breach of contract, and the other party pays a fine for breach of contract. This amount is the estimated risk of each. The estimate was wrong at the time, but what else can I say later? If you say so dishonest, you will not do business with this company in the future."

Zhou Ying remembered the thought and nodded, "It makes sense to say this. However, there are many inconveniences in the folk personal contract."

Du Zhongxiao said: "Personal contracts are much easier to handle. Those who sell themselves as slaves are all desperate and have to do so. The court should protect the people and restrain the master from treating the slaves harshly. The contracts naturally tend to sell people. Those who sell themselves need to redeem them, but the master should not stop them, right?"

Zhou Weng and Zhang Shi'an nodded: "I should do this."

Du Zhongxiao said: "That's easy to deal with. There is a deadline when making a contract. If you redeem a person in advance, you only need to share the money for the divine body to the time limit and return the money for the future to the master. Of course, after redeeming, the master may hire a new person, and it takes time to discuss whether to do more days and wait until the master hires someone to leave before leaving. This day must be settled, and the fine cannot be greater."

Du Zhongxiao calculated based on the resignation of factory workers he was familiar with. Resigning one month in advance was not considered a breach of contract, and he really couldn't wait to pay compensation. The slaves in this era were actually hired workers, and they were still registered by the imperial court, and their personal rights were protected. However, this condition was too relaxed for slaves.

Zhang Shi'an said: "If the recommendation is determined in this way, for the seller, the contract period is optional and there is no constraint. When redeeming yourself in advance, you still have to discuss with the master, and both parties agree. As long as the master does not lose money, who will force him to keep him?"

Du Zhongxiao said: "Why don't you force me to stay? I gave the execution, so I said that the official's wife is not allowed to redeem her body. If she forced herself to stay at home, she is greedy for her appearance, not for her to work at home. In this case, it is not possible to force a deadline."

Seeing that others didn't say anything, Du Zhongxiao said: "Otherwise, in order to make the seller have restrictions, the fine can be increased. How many days are there to spread the dictionary money in it and double the extra charge?"

Zhou Wen and Zhang Shi'an pondered for a long time, but could not make a decision for a while. They agreed, and this became a local regulations in several nearby states and must be implemented. Adding the breach of contract clauses does not violate the court's laws, but only as a supplement. These few can be decided. If they agree today, they will bear corresponding responsibilities in the future, and the two must consider them carefully.

Du Zhongxiao must add the breach of contract clauses. The second is to sell himself as a slave. More importantly, the workers who work in the factory. Their future contracts will also add working hours, leave systems, and some corresponding welfare guarantees, and even education clauses.

Unlike Europe, the collapse of slavery during the Tang and Song dynasties and the improvement of the status of the employers were dominated by the government, accompanied by the revival of Confucianism. At this time, academic thoughts attached great importance to the rule of the world. Once chaos arose, they would first be considered as not cultivating moral policies and forcing people to chaos. Most of the attitudes towards rebels were to only punish the main evil and not to follow suit. The thieves who severely suppressed were only suitable for some areas.

Under such social conditions, sweatshops cannot be opened at all, the court laws do not allow it, and social morality does not allow it.

Generally speaking, sweatshops will only increase profits relatively, but will not increase absolutely. Generally, sweatshops are sweatshops. Factory owners will not get excess profits. Only when part of them is sweatshops, factory owners will get excess profits. Stimulated by excessive profits, other factories will also move closer to sweatshops, and the excess profits will slowly disappear. The labor wealth squeezed out is the welfare of the entire society. Overall, workers do not receive the reward they deserve, and they have no consumption capacity, which is not conducive to market development. The internal market cannot develop and can only rely too much on the external market. Imperialism continues to expand the colonies. They plunder resources from the colonies and serve as dumping markets for industrial products.

Under this model, external expansion can only be to occupy the colonies rather than expanding the territory. Colonies can provide resources and markets, but the internal market is not perfect, and territorial expansion is not cost-effective. After European countries became strong, their colonies were almost completely lost, which was determined by their development path.

In the Western world, the United States and Germany, which could not rely on colonies, cultivated internal markets and led the development of industrial development. In several countries with vast colonies, industries were soon followed by the United States, which showed that colonies were poisonous cakes.
Chapter completed!