Information 1, Why was shield not used on a large scale in the Warring States Period in Japan

The history of the Japanese using shields is rarely recorded in their history. It started with the warriors in the Heihe War period holding pheasant swords in one hand and shields in the other. The Kamakura Shogunate behind them did not develop much during the chaos in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The large wooden shields that appeared later were often used for passive defense in fixed fortifications and position wars. However, around Oda Nobunaga's period, only muskets held shields and used as brackets. But why did the Japanese give up the unbeaten legion of the Roman Empire, which was once composed of solid shields, and they were well-known.

Shield making technology? At that time, my country, the main cultural countries in the East and North Korea, which borders Japan, were quite developed. Could it be that Japan's armor was too exquisite? However, most of the Japanese armor was made of bamboo, and there were very few real iron armor. Only generals and some samurai were equipped with armor. The general foot light was not protected by armor. This was compared with the at least 60% armor-worn rate of Eastern and Western countries in the past dynasties, Japan should use shields on a large scale. What is the reason? Explain from two aspects:

1. Practical factors: Japanese bow and arrow manufacturing technology is not developed, and Japan's bamboo bow and better Maruwood bow have an effective range of about 80 to 100 meters - this simple bow and arrow passed down from the Jomon era is extremely simple to make. It is just soaking wooden strips in water or oil to make a bow tire and tied with a rope. The bow is very large and is known as a long bow, usually about 80 cm to 270 cm, weighing 0.5kg-1.0kg, but the angle that can be pulled is very small, and it is not possible to have a full bow.

It's OK - so the armor was enough to defend at that time. The spear and two-handed sword during charge had obvious advantages over the attack power of the small shield and single sword, mainly because most of the swords they used were two-handed swords, and they rarely used one-handed swords. From the Satsuma warriors in the Edo era to the sword-long stents, which were also heavy attacking swords, their power was not something that could be defended by the small wooden shield at that time. In addition, the single sword used by the samurai warriors in the future was a two-handed giant sword. If their skills were skillful,

Almost all enemies can be cut in half. Therefore, the samurai equipped with the Nota sword is used as a commando to break through the enemy formation, and the protection effect of the large shield in positional warfare is obviously better than that of a single-player small shield. The steel mouth and destructive power of the Japanese samurai sword were later. At that time, it was unnecessary to develop shields with Japan's generally backward shield-making technology. After the firearm was introduced, even if there was a shield, it could not block the bullets. The large-scale use of iron cannons eliminated the developing bows and arrows - Heavy Fuji Bow: also known as Four

Square bamboo bow, 170-180 cm long and weighs 0.2kg-0.3kg. A synthetic bow made of square bamboo slices as bow tires has a range of 80 to 180 meters; bow-tied bow: similar to the production process of composite bows, mainly three-book bow tires and five-book bow tires. 120-170 cm long and weighs 0.2kg-0.3.kg. This kind of bow is lighter to get, and it is more tougher than the heavy vein bow, with a range of about 200 to 400 meters; the shield is even less useful.

2. Environmental factors: Because Japan lacks resources, the real enemy of the shield is bow and arrow and its own development. In addition, cheap bamboo bows are more suitable for battlefield needs than strong crossbows. Japan once introduced crossbows from my country, but gave up because of the complexity and high cost. Therefore, the development of shields has not advanced, and products like cowhide shields are even more impossible. Japan pays more attention to attack and does not focus on defense. In addition, the national name advocates that some military merits must be based on the throne of the people. The Japanese samurai's creed was born naturally. The Japanese samurai's creed was that they could devote themselves to the sakura at any time. They often compared themselves to cherry blossoms, and their lives were short and brilliant. Death was not scary for them but an inevitable destination. Japanese samurai was not afraid of death or even welcomed death. They would accept all this calmly - and Japan is a jungle island country. The actual value of the simple shield was really unmatched compared to the fast two-handed sword.

Although the above two points include the reasons for Japan in one way or another, they are essentially technical backwardness and humanistic ignorance. At that time, Qi Jiguang used a rattan knife to offset the attack power of the Japanese and killed them and fled.

Information 2: Japan's long-range weapons talk (Bow and Arrow)

Japan's bow and archery weapons have never been particularly developed. Some people have always believed that this is because there is no concept of bow and archery warfare in the tactical thinking of little Japan. It is a problem in the tactical application of long-range weapons, not technical problems. (In fact, I always think that the quality of bow and archery is poor and it is difficult to have an ideal effect, which makes little Japan not pay attention to bow and archery warfare) In the battle of little Japan, the most commonly used bow and arrow is naturally Maruki bow. This simple bow and archery passed down from the Jomon era was used until the end of the Warring States Period (and it was actually eliminated by large-scale iron cannons). This kind of bow and arrow is extremely simple to make a bow tire after soaking wooden strips (better oil) and tied up a rope.

The bow is often quite large, known as a long bow of the body (usually about 80 cm to 270 cm!!!, weighing 0.5kg-1.0kg), but the angle of the pulling is extremely small (this is why it is rare to pull a full bow in the war movies of Little Japan). The range of this kind of bow is about 80 to 100 meters, and it is indeed almost no killing distance (I remember there was a movie in the past, where a samurai had dozens of arrows, and it was inserted like a hedgehog, and it was still jumping around. In theory, this can happen.) Of course, this weapon that is light or peasant militia can't have too high expectations for its equipment. (Although it is hard to imagine that Little Japan was still using weapons and equipment from the primitive society in the 16th and 17th centuries)

The bows and arrows used by samurai are basically threatening (although they are completely inconsistent with the bow and arrow weapons of the Chinese contemporary era). For example, the heavy-wire bow (also known as the Sifang bamboo bow, which is 170-180 cm long and weighs 0.2kg-0.3kg. A synthetic bow made of Sifang bamboo slices as bow tires has a range of 80 to 180 meters.), which we can often see in the leftover scrolls at that time (of course, the ratio of the painting is completely wrong, according to the proportion of the painting, the average height of the Japanese at that time was estimated to be more than two meters). In the late Muromachi period until the Edo period, we can often see such bows and arrows.

The commonly used bow-shaped bow (bamboo strips are used as bow-shaped, similar to the production process of composite bows, mostly three bow-shaped bow-shaped and five bow-shaped bows. They are 120-170 cm long and weigh 0.2kg-0.3.kg. This kind of bow is lighter to buy, and the relatively heavy vine bow is more tough, with a range of about 200 to 400 meters.) Relatively speaking, this weapon has basically had the basic needs of long-range strike weapons. In the early days of the Warring States Period, bows and arrows did play a considerable auxiliary role in combat, rather than the kind of dispensable in the early years, and were mostly used for pursuit. (But unfortunately, the iron cannon was quickly introduced)

By the way, I have always claimed that Japan did not have such a crossbow. In fact, Japan has caused crossbow arrows from China, and it was found in the Heian era. However, due to various reasons (the manufacturing of crossbows is too complicated, so the cost is relatively high, and the launch frequency is too low. At that time, the armor of Japan was not as developed as my country, and there was no need to break the armor). After all, it was not circulated. It was only retained as a decoration for the ministers. I was idle, so I just talk about Japanese firearms. The muskets of Japan were mainly included.

Seed Island gun: This is a type, not just a musket produced by Seed Island. It usually refers to a counterfeit musket that flowed into Japan in 1543. It is 80 cm to 180 cm long and weighs about 1.5kg to 5.0kg. The lethality is far higher than that of the Japanese bows and arrows at that time. At that time, the maximum range of Japanese bows and arrows was only 400 meters, the killing distance was 80 meters, and the absolute killing distance was 30 meters. The range of Seed Island gun was 100 to 300 meters, and the absolute killing distance was 50 meters, so it flowed quickly once it appeared in Japan.

Spread; Large cylinder: a large-caliber front-mounted smoothbore mesh gun. It is 90 cm long to 140 cm and weighs 8kg-12kg. Its caliber is often more than 30 to 40 cm, with a great lethality and a range of four or five hundred meters (in fact, this should be considered a small artillery). The existing large cylinder has a diameter of 80 cm, and the ammunition is used as a large-power shotgun known as "killing thousands of people", with a range of 800 meters, and its hit accuracy is quite high. Of course, the use of this weapon was already in the Edo era;

: A type of short gun. The famous cavalry iron is the cavalry unit that uses this upper tube. However, the lethality and range of this weapon are not worth looking forward to. The range is about 10 to 30 meters, and the effective killing range within 5 meters; mustard cannon: a very strange weapon. The chemical reagent mercury nitrate (Hg(ONV)2) is used as the rechargeable medicine, a product of the Edo era; continuous shooting gun: The invention of the forging house of the Edo era, which has 3, 5, 6, 8, 20 continuous shooting and other styles, and can also be fired volleys. It is 60 to 100 cm long and weighs 3-10 kg.

Information 3, Introduction to Common Weapons

Bow (China, China): range 100m-150m

Stepping on the bow (China, Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period); range unknown

Crossbow (China, Han Dynasty): range 150m-250m

Crossbow (China, Han Dynasty): Range 50m-100m

Crossbow (made in Japan, Heian Era): range 80m-250m

Maruki Bow (Japan, Jomon Era to Warring States Period): Range 50m-100m

Divine Arm Bow (China, Song Dynasty): Range 150m-800m

Tsubaki Bow (Japanese, Southern and Northern Dynasties): range 80m-180m

Musket (China, Song Dynasty): Range 5m-10m

Five Thunder God Machine (see "Martial Records" for yourself, China, Song Dynasty): Range 100m-200m

Gunzi Gun (China, Song Dynasty): Range 50m-100m

Gun lift (China, Song Dynasty): range 100m-300m

Bow-tied bow (Japan, Muromachi late years): range 200m-300m

Three-eyed gun (China, Ming Dynasty): range 50m-200m

Ten-eyed gun (China, Ming Dynasty): range 50m-150m

Mahjong (Japan, the late Warring States Period): Range 5m-30m

Sharp Gun (China, Ming Dynasty): Range 100m-500m

Thunder gun (China, Ming Dynasty): range 100m-200m

Seed Island Gun (Japan, Warring States Period): Range 100m-300m

Multiple rockets (China, Ming Dynasty): range 500m-800m

Bird gun (China, Ming Dynasty): range 100m-200m

Continuous gun (Japan, Edo era): range 50m-100m
Chapter completed!